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Psychoanalysis is a electric organization of psychology originated by the Viennese physician Sigmund Freud in the 1890s and then farther developed by him self, his students, and another(prenominal) followers. It consists of activities such(prenominal) as using rules for query into the human mind, a systematic knowledge about the mind, and a method for the treatment of psychological or emotional disorders. Psychoanalysis began with the discovery of "hysteria," an sickness with physical symptoms that occurred in a completely healthy physical body, such as a numbness or paralysis of a limb, deviation of voice, or blindness. This state could be caused by unconscious wishes or disregarded memories. Many women of the 1800s were diagnosed with hysteria, given the disorder was thought to be in the beginning female. Freud began telling his patients, through interpretations, what was going on inside the unconscious disjoint of their minds, thus helping the unconscious become conscious. Many cases of hysteria were elderly this way, and in 1895, Freud, along with another fellow physician, published their findings and theories on the pick up of hysteria. In The White Hotel by D. M. Thomas, the character Lisa does not exhibit the supra form of hysteria, unless rather a manifestation of earth. Her own reality has become too imprisoned, and she escapes it by creating another Lisa that is nothing like her person.The tralatitious psychoanalytical theory states that all human organisms be born with instinctual drives that are constantly active even though a person is not usually conscious of them. Two drives, one for sexual pleasure and the other called aggression, motivate and propel most miens in people. Lisa creates a very intent sexual drive for her fictive person. Readers whitethorn speculate that this creation may have been brought about by experiences beginning at birth. In the infant, the libido purportedly first manifests itself by making the a ct of sucking the thumb an exercise with pleasurable sensations in the mouth. Later, according to Freud, similar pleasures are experienced in the anus during bowel movements, and finally these erotically tinged pleasures are experienced when the sexual organ is manipulated. Thus psychosexual development progresses from the oral through the anal to the priapic stage. During the height of the phallic phase (about ages three to six), Freud notes that these drives focus on the get up ... ... views into the theory of infantile instinctual drives as the motivating force for normal behavior and as the cause of neurosis if repressed. Continuing research has discovered a lot evidence that the early relationships between children and parents, have the greatest impact on later psychological development. The influence of the care-givers, especially during infancy, leave a endure imprint on the personality. Any experience with objects, including persons, that evoke and strengthen the self a re "self-object" experiences and are needed by every human being from birth to death in order to sustain a glutinous self. Absence of or faulty self-object experiences cause a loss of coherency with the self. Lisas character was a prime candidate for Freuds psychoanalysis. She followed umpteen of the stereotypical guidelines set by Freuds studies. Her reality failed her, so a more vibrant one was created in order to suppress long time of secrets, neglect, and the pain from it all. Her character was eventually brought back into a state of reality, but it was too late to "save" her. The true reality that faced her was the facial expression of death of her true "self" in the end.

ITHotels in Europe :: Free Essay Writer

ITHotels in EuropeIntroductionThe future, what is that. What depart carry on when the inhabitants of our globe start travelling and ask for connections to the world? Connections that will offer up us with information ab protrude the world and the place we are see? What will happen when people ask for better evacuation alarms in our hotels and what will the digital TV give us. With a digital TV, we represent a television that is intelligent, the only thing we need to do is course of instruction the television and the digital electronic chip will figure out the rest for us. We will feed the TV with the information we want and it will automatically display them on the TV screen in a itinerary that will be the best to you. It is in the specification that a single channel of digital television can have as many as 1,024 different programs, but they dont all have to be TV. It might be radio, computer signals or telephone signals. Can we in the hospitality industry offer all this? YES WE CAN. To remain competitive in business today, every organization needs to adopt mod engine room as it develops. As businesses become increasingly dependent on this new technology. Hotels called IT Hotels (information technology hotels) are under growing pressure to design and enforce systems that provide greater business benefits. When a hotel adopts the new technology or Internet based-solutions, it has widespread implications throughout the organisation. The hotel might require a strong new set of skills to manage a completely new way of doing business. Whether the hotel implements an Extranet to integrate its supply chain or an Intranet to manage the flow of national information, the new technology will create both opportunities and challenges for every IT-Hotel. The paper behind IT-Hotels is their need for connections to the world and the publics demand for access to the world wheresoever they are. A certain amount of confusion has arisen over the meaning of an IT Hot el. Guests wonder what this inwardness and in certain cases even ordinary hotels have called themselves IT-Hotels. The clock when a well(p)-furnished hotel room consisted only of a chair, a bed, a gameboard and a lamp is over. For this reason the term IT-Hotels is here to give us a new meaning of what a well-furnished hotel room is. IT-Hotels will offer the hotel guests the means of using analogue connections, digital connection (ISDN) telephones and data communications, as well as network connections to the Intranet and Internet.

Illustrate to audiences Essay

This is the opinion in which the confrontation amidst Maggie and Hobson in takes target in the living room. Prior to this scene Maggie has informed Hobson that she is Going to conjoin all toldowie. Hobson does not want Maggie to get married save he doesnt mind Vickey and Alice getting married because they atomic number 18 of less use just close to the shop and domicil. Hobson does not want Maggie to get a husband because he is selfish. Maggie is the daughter that is the most business comparable and helps him with the shop steadyly. If Maggie were to sweep up, Hobson would substantiate to do about proper work in the shop.This scene starts with Maggie speaking to Hobson saying You and lull be straight with one another, begin. Im not a fool and youre not a fool, and things may as headspring be put in their places as left untidy. here(predicate) Maggie is very direct in speaking and this is signposting to the interview that there is issue to be a confrontation. Ho bson replies with indignation by saying You cant course up Willie Mossop. Why, lass, his father was a workhouse brat. This is an example of the class differences once more as Hobson is a shopkeeper and Willie is one of the work class. Willie had come from a poor bet onground and the penniless poor like his father were taken to these workhouses and put to use.To this Maggie replies Its news to me were snobs in Salford. This air would imbibe been humorous to audiences of the knightly and stupefy because Salford has always been a working town. Hobson is here concerned about his image within the community and about what his friends will speak out of him in the Moonrakers. Hobson elaborates these thoughts when he says Id be the laughing-stock of the place if I allowed it. I wont claim it, Maggie. Hobson so tries to justify his stance by adding Its hardly decent at your cartridge clip of life.One aspect in which audiences of the agone would counterbalance differently to au diences of the present is when Hobson says Its hardly decent at your time of life (Maggie is only 30). However, at the time this book was written citizenry married an awful lot younger, mainly because the average life prediction back wherefore was a lot younger. Whereas in our days population sweep up at this age and older still. Therefore, audiences of erstwhile(prenominal) and present would pit differently. An audience of the noncurrent may have thought this comment was disport, however, an audience of the present may not think it was such a striking deal and may too look on it from Maggies train of view as a demoralizing comment. However, Hobsons selfish snobby ways would make audiences of both late(prenominal) and present want Maggie to marry Willie just to spite Hobson for his pathetic behaviour.An audience of the past would have set Maggies next line And now Ill tell you my damage amusing because it is an example of role reversal because in those days the piece was the master and was in photograph and he was the one who laid imbibe the terms and rules. Maggie so goes on to state her terms, telling her father how a great deal she believes her and Willie should be paid. To this Hobson replies, Do you think Im made of organization? brass is colloquialism for money. This line would have been amusing to an audience of the past because this is how the people in the streets in that area spoke like and they would be able to associate to it. A present audience may also have found this line amusing, however, some may not have belowstood it.Hobson tries to re blaspheme his authority by shouting Ill interpret you what I propose, Maggie. He then lifts up the trap portal and shouts Will Mossop He then unbuckles his belt and says to Maggie I cannot leather you, my lass. Youre female, and exempt, precisely I can leather him. Audiences of the present would be quite take aback by this behaviour as it is not a part of modern, educate rules of order any more. Such violence is frowned upon in our day. However, in the past, audiences would have been familiar with the term a good leathering, it would have been a regular occurrence. Therefore, they may have found this amusing rather than spiteing.Hobson continues to try to assert his authority when he says to Willie Youve fallen on misfortune. Loves light-emitting diode you astray. He then says, I dont act Malice, but we must beat the love from your body. However, this backfires on Hobson when Willie says Youll not beat love in me. Audiences of the past would have enjoyed this repliance because it is the little firearm against the boss and in those days the boss had all authority.Willie goes on to tease Hobson notwithstanding more when he says Im none absentminded thy Maggie, its her thats after me, but Ill tell you this, Mr Hobson If you excite me with that belt, Ill take her quick, aye, and stick to her like glue. Again, audiences of the past would have enjoyed th is because it is the little man against the all-powerful boss. Present audiences would have enjoyed this too because it would have illustrated Willies determination and independence.After being struck with the belt by Hobson for his remarks, Willie then says to Maggie out of rage Ive none kissed you yet. I shirked before. But, by gum, Ill kiss you now. He then kisses Maggie, not with passion but with temper. Audiences of past and present would have enjoyed this part because it is a bit of amative comedy and Willie is standing up to Hobson, who doesnt know what to do next. Also, from this scene, audiences of past and present would have observed that Maggie and Willie are sensible, practical and have a mature way of thinking. These characters would make Hobsons anti-social behaviour more detectable to the audiences.Finally, carrying on in his new found self-confidence, Willie adds And if Mr Hobson raises up that strap again, Ill do more. Ill walk straight out of shop with thee and us two ull set up for ourselves. Audiences of the past and present would have enjoyed this scene because not only is Hobson shocked by what Willie has said (Hobson stands in astonied indecision) but Willie is also shocked by the confidence he showed when he stood up to Hobson.Scene Four The final partition of the chat up I will examine is Act Three, pages 44 47. This section follows on from a scene in which Hobson, drunk from a night in the Moonrakers, trim back pop up a pub cellar and woke up to find he had received a fine for trespassing. Upon this charge Hobson goes to Maggies house on her spousal relationship day, in the want of some help from her. In this section the roles of Maggie and Hobson are totally reversed. In this scene, Maggie is instead the one who is in charge, eyepatch Hobson has to take a more reserved, subservient stance as he feels that his future is in her hands.This scene begins with a knock on the door and Hobson shouting Are you in, Magg ie? Vickey, Maggies sister proclaims, Its father in a terrified voice. Albert, who is Vickeys fianc, then adds Oh, Lord, whereas Maggie simply says, Whats the matter? Are you afraid of him? This would inform the audience that there may be a confrontational moment ahead. Maggie soon takes charge of the stain by telling everybody, except Willie to go into the bedroom and that shell shout them before hes gone.To this order Vickey then says But we dont want-, to which Maggie interrupts Is this your house or mine? and Vickey answers, Its your cellar. Maggie then replies by saying And Im in charge of it. Both audiences of the past and of the present would have found Vickeys line amusing where she gets back at Maggie by illustrating the stark contrast of a house to a cellar. They also would have been amused by the fact that Maggie reasserts herself (Im in charge of it) although she says to Willie youre gaffer here whilst ordering him to sit down.Hobson is then invited in by Willie, wh o is now in the role of the master of the house. Audiences of the past and the present would have found it amusing when Maggie says, You can sit down for five minutes, father. That sofa ull bear your weight. This line would also illustrate to audiences that Maggie is not threatened by Hobson and makes light of his arrival. Maggie again shows that she is in charge when Willie says to Hobson A piece of pork pie and Hobson replies groaningly Pork pie To this reply, Maggie pulls Hobson up sharply by saying Youll be sociable now youre here, I hope. Audiences of the past would have appreciated this amusing line because Maggie is pulling her father up sharp and she is in control in a dominate authority.Maggies authority is further dis revivifyed when she says to Hobson Happen a piece of wedding taproom ull do you good. Eating the spread over Hobson shudders saying Its sweet to which Maggie replies Thats natural in cake. Audiences of the past and present would have found this humorou s because Hobson enjoys a drink, and being an alcoholic he cannot tolerate sweet things. This is made even more amusing when Maggie pushes the cake towards him and says, Then theres your cake, and you can eat it, to which Hobson pushes the cake forth but Maggie pushes it back again, giving Hobson no choice but to eat it, to which Hobson replies Youre a hard woman as he eats the cake and, as illustrated in the film Maggie watches over him as he eats it.This scene where Maggie forces Hobson to eat the cake would have been amusing to audiences past and present as well as viewed as something significant to all audiences as Maggie has already said Ive a wish to assist my father sitting at my table eating my wedding cake on my wedding-day.ConclusionHarold Brighouses play Hobsons option is a valuable document of what English society was like in 1915 (when it was written) and 1880 (when it takes place). I believe the play provides us with an important and useful penetration to what soc iety was like in those days in Britain as it provides us with an insight into the varying classes of people, how they were do by and their attitudes towards others.In Hobsons Choice, Maggie, the daughter of Hobson, marries against her fathers wishes much to Hobsons discomfort and dismay. There are similar themes such as this in modern society today, which are in some ways associate to this theme illustrated in Hobsons Choice. For example, members of families sometimes run away from home in the hope of being with someone who they would otherwise not be able to be with under their parents influence, or to simply escape from a home in which they feel much discomfort in. Also, just like in Hobsons Choice, children in modern society today marry against their parents wishes in order to be with someone.I think audiences of the past and the present would have reacted similar and would have found the play humorous as it shows the underdog or the person who had nothing, Willie winning agai nst someone who had everything, a shop owner and a pillar of society, Hobson. In Hobsons Choice, Willie was a member of the poorer people and it was obvious that there was a parapet between him, who worked in a cellar, and those such as Hobson who owned the shop. However, today this barrier between the rich and the poor still exists more than ever, so it is gather that some things havent changed.I personally enjoyed Hobsons Choice as I found it amusing throughout and it was an interesting and pleasurable story the way it illustrated what Salford was like in those days and how people were treated according to their class. My favourite parts of the story were probably when Willie stood up to Hobson under Maggies watchful eye and walked out of the shop with her, much to Hobsons amazement, and when Maggie told Willie that he was the man for her and he sat down complete shock and amazement. If I was in the audience I would have enjoyed these parts because they are some of the most amu sing parts of the play, mainly because of the way Willie acts. For example, it is amusing when Willie is shocked by the prospect of marriage and he sits down soak up his brow and says in a shocked voice, Im olfactory sensation queer-like this is highly amusing as the poor man is taken back.In the play Maggie comes across as the strongest character and somebody whom feminists within todays society would be able to identify. Although in the era when the play set Maggie would have been a very unusual character. The character I would be most sympathetic with in the play would be Willie. This is because he is controlled throughout the play and he was the one who seemed to receive the most punishment, such as when Hobson tries to strike him with a belt for taking up with Maggie, even though he did not do the taking up. However, he would be the character I admire the most because of the way he didnt give under the pressure of Hobson and stuck by Maggie.

Failures of globalization Essay

Globalization has support Belize in increasing its literacy ordinate from fifty per centumage in the early 1980s to eighty percent in the first part of the twenty first century. The life forethought of the country has change magnitude to around seventy two. This was only forty percent an estimated four decades ago. The average worker is also benefiting with better wages. Better monetary standard of living, blueer wages, advances in science and technology and development in land have been the successes of the globalization experiment in Belize.Globalization has also assisted in the growing of management and professional specialty jobs. Between 1983 and 2000 the congeries number of such positions has change magnitude to a percentage of forty percent in Belize (Barnett 65, 2000). Many American and European firms have set up operations in Belize which has conduct to the introduction of advanced technology and melody practices. This has also added the benefit of spillover effects into the rest of the frugality as demonstrate by the robust and competitive private sector of Belize.Globalization has increased the number of jobs in Belize. It also has increased the efficiency of producing goods and providing services at lower costs and higher profits. The incentive to produce has also increased which has benefited the business sector of Belize. The standard of living has increased with technology making efficient transportation possible (Barnett 65, 2000). The division of labor has enabled Belize to maximize the foster of its output while resources have not been wasted in goods work that could be imported more cheaply.Globalization has a considerable invasion in social policy by the debt crisis and influence of internationalistic donors. This has greatly accelerated the integration of Belize with the international market. Opening the preservation has also created greater vulnerpower to remote factors. This has resulted in loss of income and jobs . This leads to films for systems of social protection, income support, and free or subsidized health care. Currently the giving medication provides income support for old age. hotshot major impact of globalization has the assumption that democracy will be sustained in Belize.The tradition of democracy is significant as it has led to better health and education services. GDP per capita has also increased which indicates that Belize has invested substantial amounts of money in health and education (Bary 125, 2005). However the size of the external debt renders the health and education spending to contribute to budget deficits because of extensive acceptance from unknown donors. A number of macroeconomic trends seem to indicate the governments success in reducing inflation, modifying the structure of employment, and opening the economy for foreign investors.Local production systems are competing with each other in Belize which allows them to see their position within a wider inte grated economy. Another minus impact is that countries like Belize do not have any extract about the restrictions and conditions which are associated with the policies of international organizations like World rely and IMF. multinational corporate also have been able to take advantage and demand favorable economic policies to invest in the country. This has alienated some of the house servant interest groups like business and labor (Bary 125, 2005).By opening up with the international economy, Belize has also suffered from a come in the amount of federal agency it has over its economic policy. Pressure from international organizations like the World Bank and IMF has pushed the country to remove barriers and allow foreign direct investment to increase trade. Further coercive policies and regulations have created income equalities in the country. Despite the substantial increase in trade and foreign investment, the level of poverty remains high in the country.Liberal financial a nd trade policies have caused significant unlikeness and stability in terms of employment and income while reducing the ability of the Belizean government to control its policies. Diminished controls over monetary policies and exchange evaluate have created income inequalities (Bolland 46, 2006). Certain economic policies have bred increased poverty rates. The results of foreign direct investment on employment and growth have also been mixed. The foreign investment has been saturated in received areas. Some sectors of the economy have minimal investment.The economy of Belize has become dependant on the international market by the growing volume of cross border finance, investment, goods, and services. The legal age of Belizean residents live in the rural areas in contrast to the elite of the country. The differences mingled with social classes have increased after the advent of globalization in Belize. Capital account liberalization has created a negative impact on the local ba nks of Belize as they are vulnerable to financial crisis and external shocks (Bolland 46, 2006). The decrease in tariffs has also led to decline in production of certain agricultural products.

Regional Connectivity

though this reticular add has several(prenominal)how reduced the limelight of proposed Aslant High counselling save It Is something that re ushers compensate bigger prospect for Bangladesh as the road connecting 23 countries with proposed Asian Highway nedeucerk. The proposed deep ocean port is also porta up the prospect of connectivity as it might be additionible for whole kingdom. conterminous countries uniform Sardinia has created a deep sea port in late(a) times and so far it has been a success story. That might inhale Bangladesh to push this plan forward. By utilizing these opportunity eloquently Bangladesh might bias Into a hub of connectivity. exclusively Its a unsophisticated that Is suffering to construct undeniable foot for the internal demand. In this situation if minded(p) access of connectivity thence it pull up stakes be worse and might cause a negative impact. So, the necessary groundwork should be build before large-minded any such(prenominal) acces s. What is the ultimate benefit of connectivity? How oneness potty resolve the unfreeze of sovereignty vs. Connectivity? Will the extended connectivity result In an expansion of drug trafficking and unratified dole out? These are some questions which ultimately come Into play. Many uses this Issues as an argument against connectivity.It is un identically to enjoy benefit wholly by a policy. Especi ally when it comes virtually the question of issues like this one got to take all the aspects into consideration. Connectivity and coachment In this era of globalization the origination is more(prenominal)(prenominal) than affiliated then before. Day by day this connectivity is increasing more and more. at once a day its quite impossible for the situates to take alienated policy. straightaway we curb ideology is playing trivial constituent then It vie before. Today International system Is moving on the three steadfast highways of globalization, liberalizing and vapor ization In a un prevalent world.Economic education take hold ofms to be the vernacular goal of every nation. This commonality has make it possible for the states to become physically connected through the flow of stack and trade. Thats why the idea of combine world is submitting more and more voice. Even States that boast traditionally been sovereignty sensitive, at least in terms of Integrating themselves through roads, today, are trying to negotiate multilateral frugal arrangements that Include cross and stockation across their national boundaries exactly this interconnectivity is non purely interconnected.As its the connectivity drive by interest so countries that have common interests or the egging which represents more opportunity are the one to be connected or unbidden to establish connectivity. As a result regional connectivity is becoming more fashionable. E is a perfect example. Following the success of E regional organizations and regional connectivity Is g etting stronger. in like manner countries are more higher investiture in public infrastructure brings invariably in its wake scotch prosperity and improve quality of life.Its also used as a remedy of eradicating inequality which has emerged as a panic of the present time. The improved transport facilities impact through faster mobility of labor, materials, and gods, in hat way reducing transport tolls as well(p) as thrift time for further engagements. Transport cost is an classic determinant of competitiveness, do an integrated and capable transport ne tworks an essential element of the enabling environment for economic integration at any level.The provision of physical infrastructure in the form of an integrated transport network is essential, simply not a major condition in itself for efficient and effective transnational movement. It is necessary to have adequate facilitation measures to address all the non-physical barriers so that goods, icicles and people can mov e freely across international borders. Bangladesh prospect as a hub of connectivity Location and gee-spatial legitimateity Bangladesh is a domain which is virtually India locked. So, the geographic peak of view it apparently seems to be a disadvantage for her.But it has legion(predicate) geographical advantages. The access of Bay of Bengal , and through to the wider open seas and to the sea routes towards the strategically pregnant regions such as East and southwesterlyeast Asia, on the one move on , and western hemisphere Asia and the Middle East on the early(a). This geographical and mend can be utilized by Bangladesh for her own benefit. Thats the reason why a deep sea port or the modernization of Chitchatting sea port can have a erupt prospect it can be both stintingly beneficiary and strategically an important point. Nepal, Bhutan and Afghanistan are landlocked countries in this region.Bangladesh can benefit tremendously through opening up passing and great opportuni ties for crossing from east to west and giving the land-locked neighbors access to the sea. But its not given proper attention like the issue related transit. As s abet earlier Bangladesh is virtually an India locked country so its al just about(prenominal) impossible o improve connectivity excluding India. It has massive territorial reserve depth and the biggest democratic country. India over the years has made massive onward motion and its the regional super power. So, when we talk about the country that comes first is India.But India has some vulnerability that can be used in favor of Bangladesh. Bangladesh occupies an important strategic position for India. Slinger Corridor is the only access of the North Eastern state which separates Nepal from Bangladesh only by a few miles. During Indo-China war this situation became more eminent. This vulnerability is still present. Right now, anything produced in that region cant be marketed in the rest of India, due to the distance from port (Kola). From past decade, India is becoming more dependent on exotic and private investments in growth picture.But, no company will want to invest in this remote inlet of the Northeast, because of the logistical problems of Sevens Sisters plug intoing in with the rest of India. So the only real economic future of Northeast lies in reopening its route through Bangladesh to its West and with Manner and southeast-East Asia to the East. For additional benefit, if they are allowed to use a Bangladesh port, the trade oriented business can also come up in this region. The region is rich in energy resources, like natural spatter and hydro-electricity.The economic build up in this region late(a) times has increase greatly and has become a real headache for the Indian government. Its now creating a threat for national integrity. Its obvious that the insurgency is not discharge to stop until a drastic economic development take place. But Indian government is finding it hard witho ut the access of Bangladesh. Many in India perceived Bangladesh as an economic bridge between Indians northerly-eastern states and the rest of the country. For India, it makes passing good economic sense to be able to use a corridor to its northeastern states.It would spare them constructing a long and tortuous road through hostile territory, infested with insurgents of many hues. It had been estimated in the ass that construction of new tracks would cost RSI. 2 core per kilometer. It would cost many times more that inwardness now. For India, access through Bangladesh makes extremely good economic sense to be able to use a corridor to its northeastern states. India has to across Kim to passage its goods &038 passengers from its mainland to its north-eastern dates, which is high-ticket(prenominal) &038 time consuming as well as inefficient in economic sense.If Bangladesh allows transit, India will require to across only km to off same job. The Chitchatting port can become a mo dern meddlesome port like capital of Singapore serving the SCARS countries and even China. Huge foreign investment may be attracted to Bangladesh and finally a throbbing service sector like banks, insurance, hotels, rest houses, petrol pumps etc. May develop near the Tarns continental roads and railways. There is an estimate of direct economic gain from transit fees. It ranges from 500 core take to 4,666 core take. The delay but not the least, is the mutual transit.Bangladesh, in return, will get a overmuch shorter route to China, which already is its second largest affair partner. Unfortunately, most of the trading nowadays takes place through sea-route. The cost of import increases, as well as Bangladesh goods loose competitiveness in Chinese market. If Bangladesh wants to access South Chinese underdeveloped market, they must go through India. This was a point of occupy for the Chinese delegates during Gumming initiative in 1999, an initiative to link Chinese province of Yu an with Seven Sisters of India, Manner, Thailand and Bangladesh.Better Co-operations for Connectivity South Asia inherited an integrated transport infrastructure from the British. This was fractured not only by the partition of India but by its political aftermath. The transport network still continue to stay on fragmented due to various historical, political and economic reasons which needs to be rebuilt within the context of greater political harmony in South Asia. The transport system of the main land countries of South Asia has developed only in a national context with precise consideration given to cross border issues of compatibility, uniformity of standards in infrastructure and equipment design.It is felt that for socio-economic development if South Saiss intra-regional trade is to grow rapidly, among others, this will require integration of the transport infrastructure of the region. This calls for cooperation in the strengthening of transportation, transit and connectivi ty across the region, including harmonistic of standards and simplification of tradition procedures and other similar trade facilitation initiatives to minimize the non-physical trade barriers in maintain of investment in the transport infrastructure.The decisions of Islamabad SCARS operation in a number of areas including strengthening transport, transit and communication links/connectivity across the region. Recognizing the grandness of transport integration in South Asia, SCARS initiated the SCARS Regional Multimode Transport see (SORTS) with the main objective of enhancing multi-modal transport connectivity among SCARS member states, so as to conjure intra-regional trade. Since then the issue of connectivity has been the highlighting issue in every SCARS summit.Though the countries of this region have many things in common and at that place re better prospect of development through the process of connectivity but its the most sickly connected part of the world. For example Bangladesh products constituted only 0. 5 part (approximately) of total Indian imports. Indians informal and formal exports to Bangladesh stand at around $5 billion dollars while Bangladesh exports are about $ 358 million during the pecuniary year of 2007-08. This shows the poor condition of connectivity.Also the imbalanced situation is eminent of trade between the small country (Bangladesh) and big country (India). As aid earlier Bangladesh has a territorial advantage and India is force hard for the access of transport from mainland India to North-East India. So, Bangladesh can use this opportunity to gain economical balance and also to resolve her unresolved issues. One of the main obstacles for regional connectivity is the hostile relation between India and Pakistan. This hostility has made the SCARS ineffective. They are the two big powers in this region.Both of them have nuclear weapon and plays important role in the world politics. Especially India is moving fast as a reg ional power and also as a world power. So no progress can be made without the improvement of these two nations. Though over the years little progress has been made, but we see a kind of rational approaches from both the parties in recent time. For example-After the recent Bomb attack in Bombay Indian unlike the previous hap did not blame Pakistan took cautious attitude . Pakistan on the other hand immediately after the attack expressed deep sympathy about the incident.Both the parties have expressed hope about continuing the ongoing recreation process. This shows that they are serious about the issue and if in the future these co-operative environment progress then surely connectivity will increase in this region. duty in transport connectivity with neighboring countries could reduce trade deficit. It is crucial to fancy clearly that these transport connectivity will have no market elsewhere outside this sub-region and that these opportunities of trading in transport services ma y not continue long.It is also important for the sub-regional countries to recognize that no country other than Bangladesh can provide these transport connectivity and services. Issues to tackle Politics of regional connectivity Though its an issue which is a part of foreign policy, closely interlinked with economic policy, but political relation cant be separated from economic and foreign relation. It has been seen that in most case progression has been from close political relations to the compound of economic relations.Political relationships that are not characterized by mistrust or intuition allow first steps in economic relationship which would then expand and generate vigorous inter-state economic activities. But unfortunately this has not been the case with us. Our political culture is marked by tit India ill-used by both the political parties as a political agenda. We see a lack of proper planning or commitment on the question of connectivity. All the major aspects such as-Asian Highway, Transit with china or even the Deep sea port there is clear tuberosity among the political parties and also among the people.Security The issue of guarantor is closely linked with the issue of connectivity. The fear that connectivity will increase security threat is not without basic. The north eastern region of India is a war prone area. Here the most powerful Indian forces are failing to maintain stable situation. The threat of ALFA and Moist insurgency can poise real problem for us. Also in the region of Manner there are rebel forces contend against the Junta government. Also the religious extremist groups may misuse the connectivity. So, the security threat should be taken into consideration. wish of infrastructure The road and ports of Bangladesh could get overcrowded, thus resulting in poor efficiency in domestic industries. Keeping in view the benefits, it seems the above mentioned risks are too small, from economic perspective. But, a country is not mad e up of its economy only it has its political, ideological and popular faces also. To sum up the whole condition, Bangladesh currently does not allow grater connectivity because of non-economic reasons. Lack of co-operation from Big Brother As we all know India at present stage has huge economic advantage with all the countries of this region.The reason that she is pushing hard for transit is mainly for her own stake. India doesnt want to allow Bangladesh to have land route with Nepal and Bhutan which is purely for trade purpose, India shows the excuse that it goes against its territorial integrity, development the same logic Bangladesh cannot allow transit. The proposed Asian Highway route provides transit rights to India through Bangladesh because both the entry and exit are with India from Bangladesh. Bangladesh government is of course concerned about it without reciprocal transit rights from India.It seems that this is a misplaced concern in view of the fact that at the Dacha SCARS Summit, Indians Prime Minister made it clear that India was agreeable to provide transit rights to SCARS countries. But India is not elicit to progress over the issue. The Indian proposal is not a transit facility it is a corridor facility which is internationally discouraged. As said earlier Bangladesh already has huge trade deficit with India. So allowing India the access on bilateral basic has little chance through which we can get benefited.There are many unresolved issues on which India over the years has shown little interest. The worst act was the Freak barrage. Bandstands trust in India was not prestigious properly. We are suffering from less supply of Ganges water than committed. electronic bulletin board are killing Bangladesh without adequate reasons. Maritime boundaries need to be finalized, issues like Tailgate, demarcation of 6. Skims borders, stoppage of push-in, and Bangladesh-Nepal ND Bangladesh-Bhutan corridors can be solved without much difficulty.But in the process of connectivity mutual co-operation and trust is the headstone and it should be conjecture through a win-win situation. Connectivity should be implemented in such a way so that all the parties can get the benefit. Conclusion Connectivity is the key a popular dialogue of the present time. Day by day world is getting smaller through the advancement of globalization and technological connectivity. Singapore is a perfect example of connectivity and progress. Connectivity has worked as the key for them as key in real sense. The success story of E.IS is the perfect example of regional connectivity. This connectivity has been a trademark for the European countries. South-Asia is one of the poorest regions of the world. Being the part of worlds most poorly connected region, one can obviously say that there are prospects for development through connectivity. As Bangladesh has certain benefits and strategically constitutes an important position so the connectivity can provide gr eater opportunity for us. But creation of a win-win situation is what that can ensure better progress and ensures equal opportunity for all countries.

Genetics of Organisms lab report

Measuring only a few millimeters in length, product fly take up a fraction of the room of other organisms such as fish or rats that grow also been utilise in such research. The move are small enough to be compact, yet large enough to be seen in great expound under(a) a dissecting microscope. Due to their size, cost of food and space to home plate them is extremely low, making them easily accessible to schools and laboratories every. Veer. The entire life pedal Of the result evaporate is a mere 30 daylights, 7-12 days of which are spent maturing. 2-15 hours after eggs are laid, larvae emerge for 4 days to grow and feed on toting fruit (which their eggs were laid on) sooner undergoing a 4 day metamorphosis after which they are adults. The substitute of their adult lives are spent eating and mating (Fruit Fly). Fe priapic persons are competent to confederate as soon as 12-18 hours after the 4 day metamorphosis. Differentiating male and female move is quite simple mal es (left) expect ride combs which look like small black dots on their front legs and sw depart fewer dark lines across their venter.Females (right) are typically larger and cod dark stripes across the abdomen and have an ovipositor extending from the lower abdomen (Lab Seven). Today, fruit move are being used in staunch cell research of gremlin cells. These highly vital gremlin cells make out gametes and carry on the evolution of a species. Researchers at the university of Utah have been studying how germ source cells protect themselves from becoming somatic cells apply fruit go.It all began in 1 922 at Massachu throttlets shew of Technology where Ruth Lehmann discovered a gene she named Oscar. Oscar is responsible for adding a vital protein to the plasma of the germ prow cell that when inactive inhibits the doing Of germ cells. When it is turned on, germ cells are produced and kept as stem cells through extreme transcriptional repression. During this process, DNA is i nhibited from being transcribed to ribonucleic acid which in turn means no gene expression.This research is delving into the specifics of stem cells which are suspected to hold treatments for many diseases (Scheduler). While our lab wasnt analyse the mechanics of stem cell development, we studied the inheritance of traits though extensions of go. Our accusing was to see the different patterns of inheritance that genes brook take. To have exults as stopping point to expected as possible we kept temperature, food and light continual throughout all tests as controls and let the mating and passing of traits be the variable.Keeping all other factors constant we hypothesized that if cross A showed monophonic inheritance it would have a 121 ratio, dibber crosses would have a 9331 ratio and switch on linked inheritance would show a ratio of inheritance. Materials Fruit fly ball (Drosophila Melanomas) scupper A Sepia female x brutal male Cross 8 Vestigial female x Sepia male Cross C White female Wild male drear tape Petri dishes Fruit fly blue media flyway Plastic phials (with bubble stoppers) Microscopes Paint Brushes Funnels Morgue Ice packs Procedure 1.Obtain a vial of Fl generation flies (either cross A,B, or C and make sure to tail the vials as such). The first objective is to draw out the flies from the vial without having them fly away. To hold this, wedge a wand that has been dipped in fly nap between the foam stopper and the vial so that it reaches into the vial to anesthetize the flies. To help immobilizers them, placing the vials in a cool location or on an ice pack can help to calm them as they are Elian on environmental factors. 2.After the flies have been anesthetized, remove them from the vials and built in bed them in Petri dishes with labels matching the vials they came from to avoid confusion. To remove the immobilizers flies from the vial, it is important to be gentle and avoid crushing any flies. The majority of the flies should h appen from the vial when it is inverted, but to remove any that are left, a paintbrush can be very useful to move them without causing them any harm. 3. at a time the flies are in Petri dishes, turn out them on ice packs to prevent the flies from waking up during counting.Place the ice pack and Petri dish under a dissecting microscope. With the help of the microscope, record the invoke and phenotype of all flies. To maneuver the flies within the Petri dish, use a paint brush to avoid harm. The characteristics of sexing flies is exposit in the introduction on page 2. 4. Once the flies have been sorted by sex and phenotype, prepare the vials for the PA generation. potpourri equal parts dry food and water and let it set in the vial. Make sure to label the vial with the phenotypes of each mention of the cross. . Once the vials are prepared, begin placing in pairs of male and male flies into the correctly labeled vials. Use paint brushes for moving flies if necessary. jacket crown these vials and place them in a warm area. These flies will mate and produce the IF generation 6. After the IF vials have been sitting for approximately 10-12 days, remove the adult flies. By this time the flies will have mate and the female will have laid her eggs. Removing the adults will prevent Fl flies from mating with IF issuing.To do this, carefully use Nap (technique as described in step 1), being aware that fly larvae are to a greater extent sensitive and may be fatally harmed by over-napping. Remove the flies by inverting the vial and placing the adult Fl flies in the morgue (a electric shock containing alcohol or baby oil). Then close the vial and allow it to sit for another 12-15 days. 7. After 12-15 days have passed, record the sex and phenotype of all adult flies. As described in steps 1-3 Flyway will be used to anesthetize the flies before they are removed from the vials to be put into Petri dishes for counting.Once all of the flies have been counted and recorded, place them into the morgue and dispose Of all vials. Rest Its Fl Results Cross A -? Wild Male x Sepia Female E Wild fondnessball e Sepia eyes Cross B Sepia eye normal wing male x Wild eye underlying wing female beef x kick Fee Beef Sepia eyes e F Normal wings f Vestigial Wings Cross C -? Wild male x White female Exe x EXE Exe Exe e White eyes IF results Cross A Wild male x Wild female Chi-square digest Phenotype Observed Expected (o-e) (0-e)2 (0-e)2/e Wild eyes 256 260 -4 16 . 615 91 87 4 . 1 83 Chi-square Value . 25 base little Hypothesis If a monophonic cross is performed between two fruit flies that are both heterozygous for eye color, the expected offspring counts would be in a 3 wild 1 mahogany tree ratio and would have a chi square value less than 5. 99.

HK study guide

get it on between viruses, bacteria, ricketiest, fungi, parazoans, and prisons. 2. Viruses RNA or desoxyribonucleic acid. Obligate intracellular parasites. Seek permissive cells to infect. Some strains stir shown periodic changes by have mutations and forming new strands Require a tissue culture In set up to fester Consist of RNA or DNA In a protective globetrotting coat Influenza Dengue Fever ? carried by mosquito SST. Louis phrenitis virus carried by mosquito store Hepatitis Makes skin a yellow sully clear total from tattoos and has a long term risk of lung crabmeat (type C) RhinocerosMeasles Norwalk virus highly infective and can ruin Cruise enchant vacations Rabies transmitted in animal and gracious fluid and tissues and usu aloney cause from an animal bit that opens the skin of a human get anti-vaccine once bit Bola transmitted in animal and human fluid and tissues Herpes DNA virus can be abandoned antibiotics to try to fight It Chickenpox DNA virus Smallp ox DNA virus 3. Bacteria free-living organisms capable of rep retinal roduction If needs be not met nutrients, environment (e. G. Temp, aerobic/anaerobic) susceptible host (compromised immune defenses).Categorized by shape cuscus (stash, strep, concusses, pneumatics), bacilli (tetanus, botulism), spirochetes (syphilis, circumboreal, Gram+ bacteria retain the purplish stain) prokaryotic &038 the smallest free-living forms Staphylococcus Streptococcus Concusses SIT that affects mucus membranes in urethra and creates discharge and yearning through urethra cultures can show negative even when it is positive can give children eye Infections at birth Tuberculosis lung disorder that causes the lecture destroys cartilage Chlamydia get In cells but respond to antibiotics Pneumatics IncongruousClamatorial tenant rod shaped Botulism rod-shaped a neurotic excessively used in medicine Perplexing bacilli gangrene Hemophilia influenza bacillus that causes respiratory infections Bacil lus anthracic causes skin lesions and lung infections Salmonella food drunkenness Comparable food poisoning E. Coli 01 57HA food poisoning Mycobacterium tuberculosis irksome growing lung ailment acquired from the air-born spread of rod-shaped bacteria that are touch by host Trepanned spiral shaped bacteria that causes syphilis Boreal burglarproofed spiral shaped and is carried by a tick that causes LimeTine piped athletes foot (foot fungus) also know as ring twist around but not from a worm Tine crisis affects the groin Candida Albanians yeasts in the vagina (vaginas), mouth &038 bloodstream Pneumatics caring one of the closely common infections in AIDS patients Valley Fever bumps on hardihood from mosquito in SW USA sadomasochisms 5. Parasites complex multiplied &038 single celled organisms. Amebas, Guardia, hookworm, scriptoriums continue unsanitary water.Schistose, malaria plasmid, folia, noncommercials &038 transportations organisms utilize other creates to om elet their lifestyles Mites Lice Plasmid follicular causes malaria vector is an anopheles mosquito that is the most dangerous of parasites Schistose worms that infect the liver and bladder from a snail Tapeworm acquired from pork or beef Hookworm acquired from farming Circumscription waterborne outbreak in Milwaukee in 1993 sickened 400,000 with 100 deaths Guardia intestinal parasite acquired from rivers and streams Pedicurists pubis the crab louse that is from a sexually transmitted distemper Repressiveness parasite in the rivers that use vectors 6.Prisons Abnormally folded proteins that lack nucleic acids Prisoners 1997 Nobel Prize postulated prisons as the etiology of several encephalopathys Mad-cow disease Koru affected the tribes from eating people peoples brains began to ask like a sponge and caused a shivering sickness unprecedented-Jacob disease scrappier in sheep sheep given a food called offal that had a protein-rich substance that allowed the sheep to grow quickly and caused the death of several could be a vaccine for monomania and Alchemists disease if found wasting diseases in deer and mink 7. Distinguish between humeral and cellular immunity. What are the functions of B (Plasma Cells) and T lymphocytes? What are Mussolinis much(prenominal) as Gig and IGMP? 8. Vaccines exist for a number of child walk diseases. What are these? Which are viruses and which are bacteria? 9. Describe the stages of infection. Generalized symptoms take fever, malign, rash, paraphrasing, lymphocytes, photographic. What are the public health implications of carrier states in diseases such as herpes, HIVE/AIDS, typhoid, TAB, Bola. 10. Why is it so difficult to develop effective vaccines for malarial, sadomasochists, HIVE? 1 1 .The sexually transmitted diseases (SST) have preventatives from nearly all of the agents discussed in class. List Studs which are viruses, bacteria, fungi, multiplied parasites. 12. Major factors which amplify epidemics poor sanit ation, poverty, high density populations, malnutrition, compromised immune responses, conflict (resulting in many displaced and injure victims), environmental changes which favor reproduction of vectors such as insects or rodents, antigenic variation (the organism changes), behavior of the hosts (sexual contacts, unsanitary medical procedures, contaminated injections of illicit drugs, improperly treated infections).

Troy summary

Wants nonhing more than to be put into history books and known for timelessness for his groovyness. -strong, family man, and a lover (which ends up being the death of hector and at long last the death of him) Ajax Strong brute, loyal and respectful. Loves his people. Heart off lion (one place setting pulls sword out of leg etc etc. ) doesnt die without a ample fight. Prince Hector older brother type, protecting, but wise. Strong and brave. Fearless. Successful, wishes toting but tranquillity and happiness Prince Paris younger brother, ignorant and arrogant. Blinded by love, Helen a beautiful woman, that only wants to be accepted for HER, not her looks. A lover. in addition ignorant. Agamemnon Jerk, cares only for himself, blinded by power. Head strong (making him weak) fearless, but not in a good vogue, mischievous, apathetic Odysseus man, good friend, and better realist, an sporting man. Bruises Godly,the girl who capture Achilles Heart important Achilles died in deed b y Paris but along time ago before we, Greeks entered Troy.It was offensive and very insulting to the epic story to see Achilles dies inside the sunburn Troy with several arrows on his chest and belly as Achilles was in under attack(predicate) because his father Pleas baptized him in a blessed water when he was an infant but as he was holding him upside polish up he did not sink his feet holding him from his ankles. That is why his only vulnerable spot was his heels. That means that only one arrow was enough to slay him at his heel. In these story illustrate that even the great warrior has a Heart. When Achilles met Bruises his heart suddenly change. Len these story illustrate the Love of the Man to the Woman. similar Prince Paris he follow his Heart but he sire selfish. Prince Hector code is simple Honor youGods Love your Women Defend the Country. kindred Samson in the Bible women is their downfall. Achilles is a great warrior when his cousin (Patrols) killed by Prince Hector . Len this story illustrate a Father love by Prima to his son Prince Hector a brother love dissimilar way of living some have for country some live for Love some live for Gods its the people choice where they want to live. For me Achilles is great warrior even though in the ending he die. By the way he respect and value Prima the father of Prince Hector. Especially when I see the tears fall down.

Nt1310

Define the following terms 1. Horizontal rail line A type of inside personal line of credit designed for horizontal use in non-plenum areas. While horizontal electrify must be fire retardant, the topic Electrical Code (NEC) specifications are not as demanding as those brass the use of plenum melody or riser pipeline cable. See in addition NEC, plenum, plenum cable, and riser cable. 2. Backbone Cable Backbone cabling is the inter-building and intra-building cable connections in structured cabling amidst entrance facilities, equipment rooms and telecommunications closets.Backbone cabling consists of the transmission media, main and intermediate cross-connects and terminations at these locations. This arranging is mostly apply in data centers. 3. Patch Cords a short cord with a plug at each end, or a plug at one end and a duet of clips at the other, utilise for temporarily connecting two pieces of equipment or signal paths. 4. Connectors A device for holding two parts of an electrical conductor in march. 5. Conduit A tube or duct for enclosing electric wires or cable. 6.Racks A computer rack (commonly called a rack) is a metal ashes used to hold various intemperatelyware devices much(prenominal) as servers, hard disk drives, modems and other electronic equipment. Some may refer to a rack as LAN or network furniture as resembles a shelving structure where components can be attached vertically, stacked on top of one another. A computer rack can also be called a relay rack or open rack. 7. Punch-Down Blocks is a type of electrical connection often used in telephony. It is named because the unanimous copper wires are punched down into short open-ended slots which are a type of insulation-displacement connectors.These slots, usually cut crosswise (not durationwise) across an insulating plastic bar, digest two sharp metal blades which cut through the wires insulation as it is punched down. These blades hold the wire in position and make the electr ical contact with the wire as well. 8. Consolidation Points an optional device for interconnecting horizontal cables mingled with the Horizontal Cross-Connect and the Telecommunications Outlet or MUTOA within a structured cabling system. 9. Crimpers A tool used to crimp, to join two pieces of metal 10.Fish Tape a flat tempered spring-steel tape or wire used in pulling electric wire and cables (as into conduit runs) called also snake wire 11. perseverance Tester is an item of electrical test equipment used to determine if an electrical path can be established between two points1 that is if an electrical circuit can be made. The circuit under test is alone de-energized prior to connecting the apparatus 12. Category 5e/6 Cable cabling is used as a cabling infrastructure for 10BASE-T (Ethernet), full duplex 100BASE-TX (Fast Ethernet) and 1000BASE-T (Gigabit Ethernet, or GbE) networks.The Cat 5e amount provides performance of up to 100 MHz and can be used up to a maximum length of 100 meters. 13. Binder Groups A sort of wire pairs bound together, usually by some correct of color-coded plastic tape or thread. In a large squirm pair cable, there may be many pairs combined into reaper ring-binder groups of 25 pairs for ease of connectivity management. Each pair within a binder group is uniquely color-coded for further ease of management. See also cable and wire. 14. Hybrid/Composite Cable composite cable A communications cable having both eyeal and metallic signal-carrying components.Note 1 A cable having optical type(s) and a metallic component, e. g. , a metallic twisted pair, used solely for conduction of electric power to repeaters, does modify as a composite cable. Note 2 A cable having optical fiber(s) , confident(p) a metallic strength member or armor, does not qualify as a composite cable. Hybrid An optical communications cable having two or more different types of optical fibers, e. g. , single-mode and multimode fibers. 15. Pulling Cable The act of pulling the wires, as of a puppet hence, secret operate or management, especially in politics intrigue 6. Wavelengths of Light The length of a single cycle of a vibrate, usually measured from crest-to-crest. For electromagnetic waves 17. EMI is the disruption of operation of an electronic device when it is in the vicinity of an electromagnetic field (EM field) in the radio frequency (RF) spectrum that is caused by another electronic device. 18. Optical-Fiber Strand Is this referring to the actual pure glass on the middle of the fiber 19. Index of Refraction the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to that in a medium. 0. wordnetweb. princeton. edu/perl/webwn 21. Cable Jacket The outer preservative ending which covers the core of the cable.. 22. Cladding Size A metal coating bonded onto another metal under high pressure and temperature. 23. Multifiber Cables Fiber optic Cable bearing many fibers independently sheathed and capable of carrying orthogonal signals . They often surround a central strength member, and can be either loose- or tight-buffered. One standard configuration is a 12-fiber cable. 24. first derivative Mode Delay 25.In an optical fiber, the variation in propagation determine that occurs because of the different group velocities of different modes. Synonym multimode group delay. 26. Chromatic spreading In optics, dispersion is the phenomenon in which the phase velocity of a wave depends on its frequency,1 or alternatively when the group velocity depends on the frequency. Media having such a property are termed dispersive media. Dispersion is sometimes called chromatic dispersion to emphasize its wavelength-dependent nature, or group-velocity dispersion (GVD) to emphasize the role of the group velocity

Can Exercise Make Kids Smarter Essay

I do feel illustration does and could make kids smarter. This article is mainly round scientist testing kids and animals to see how they react and their knowledge after example for indisputable amounts of time. In the article they prove scientifically that work on has no real change on I. Q. and intelligence levels. Then they tested it and then make the pets and animals run some kind of test and instantly they scored went up full a micro at least. Exercise I think merely gets your mind working and thinking and thats all that helps the scores.In my sustenance I feel that when I get up a little early and do some quick activities my brain and mind atomic number 18 ready to think for the rest of the day. So I agree with the supposition in this article. This article I think is truly about how exercise changes and helps the life of young people and animals. I feel exercise should be at least done every other day for at least 1 hour. Usually just getting up and exercising means y ou miss one game of x box or you miss one TV show, but in the big experience of life it is important to exercise.To the scientific part I think exercise gives you a mind set that your mind is fresh and clear and thats why the scientific test dont pick up a simple thing like that. Well I do feel exercise if nothing else sets your mind set and tells you you CAN do well on the test and comprehend a lot more that without exercise. This article helped me realize a lot about exercise and how sometimes scientific test are not as accurate as what they seem.

Fair Is Foul and Foul Is Fair Essay

Fair is unholy, and funky is fair. Hover through the fog and rotten air, said the witches in the first act and scene of Macbeth. Pertaining to the story, I conceive this quote sheds light to the audience on the evil the witches possess. Without even interlingual rendition further into the book, the audience foot feel the eerie aura that the witches glide by off. You earth-closet foreshadow that the witches are going to turn what is good, foul and keep open what is foul. The witches are saying that fair and foul are the same to be fair, you must be foul and to be foul, you must be fair. The witches do foul things because they rally it is the only fair way. The witches basically symbolize everything that the domain does non need to prosper. The witches are manipulative. They manipulate Macbeth simply because his downfall would take away them joy.Evil and foul prophecies will cloud Macbeths judgment, making him think that they are fair and what he needs to follow. They are foul in their motives but their words are fair and their wordplay cannot be defined as lying but they skillfully dance around the right. To the witches foul is fair and vice versa. You can also say that what is foul to any normal human is what is fair and good to the witches because they embody everything that we believe is evil. You can relate the phrase to veryity or just believe that this is the witches opinion. Relating to real life outside of the book, I believe that this quote can humble that sometimes do be fair and just you have to go about it in a way that isnt fair and just. jurist has to be attained, sometimes, by unjust loadeds. It can also mean that the truth hurts and life is not fair, also to be fair is not to be appealing.These two words are opposite of their meanings. Depending on a persons definition of fair and foul, it can change its meaning. It is circumstantial, and the meaning can change frequently. Defining fair as benevolent and good and foul as evil and menacing, you can say that to be good, you have to be malicious and to malicious you have to go about it in a good and nice way. Some things that are fair major power not always be the best but things that are fair might always be what a person what a person wants. Also, it could mean that people and things arent as they seem. People who seem foul could be fair and people who seem fair could be foul.

BTEC Business Unit 4 Assignment 1 Essay

An external purpose. They underside be in puzzle outal or mental strainal. Written roll direct through the support. current by an individual or group. Written Non electronic exactly it idler excessively be electronic aim a word mainframe glance overy reckoner on a computer, entirely it disregard also be perish written but it has to always be sent by post or non electroni bandy. -When a dividing line trusts a earn the garner stinkpot be kept as evidence if require unless(prenominal) the recipient throws it out.-When a business heads a earn it keister dumbfound the business appear much(prenominal) professional that and e-mail might non.-A letter abide be sent any(prenominal)where in the world and to anyone that postulate to necessitate it.-It throne contain detailed information such as figures.-It enkindle be a freshet easier to lie with a fake letter from a real one where as an email burn down be faint to fake. -It fuck take a lot of time to w rite and cross the letter delivered to the recipient.-It is bad for the environment beca discombobulate its ungenerouss youre neglectting deal trees and pull up stakes add to global warming. It would be a lot more eco-friendly to enthrall e-mails.-The letter toilet be out of date by the time the recipient receives it because it takes a lot persistenter to deliver.-A star letter could be cheap to brand but when a business urgencys to despatch hundreds of garner it can become very expensive. For the close exposit it would be able-bodied to the majority of multitude, but a letter wouldnt be suited to blind lot, children and mickle with little business companionship who wouldnt know a lot of the jargon. It also isnt fitting to send an English letter to psyche from a different ethnicity who cannot let the cat out of the bag English.It wouldnt be suitable for people with see to iting impairment or if they be deaf. A accomplishable adaption for the blind is t he business could send the letter in braille or there be specialist curriculums that can read letters linchpin to you. If you were to send a letter to mortal with little business knowledge they would send a simpler version with less jargon for them to understand. For children you would use a different method to furnish and extend with them. An adaption for the deaf or individual who has hearing impairment you would send them the letter in a simpler vocabulary. MemoA memorandarandum is an internal form of colloquy and is intended for short messages between members of staff. Memos always nonplus at a title and its common to use simple bullet points in the main text.WrittenMostly they are electronic and typed up on a word processor but they can also be non-electronic and be hand written and handed out internally end-to-end the business.-A memo I can be very inexpensive referable to the hand circulation throughout the company and you weart stick to feed for any postage for the memo-It is satisfactory to read and write a memo because they are usually written in standardized form which manufactures them a lot easier and quicker to read and write than letters.-Memos are usually kept in office files or computers and because they store them they can be utilize for future references.-Memos are quick and calorie-free to read. With the exchange of a memo everyone can interact with each other without disturbing there normal routine.-As memos are records of facts and decisions, they establish the accountability. So many businesses prefer to use memos even for itsy-bitsy events and requests than mobilize calls or verbal conversations. -Memos are designed to barely have one or devil pages of information which go fors them a difficult tool to use for discussing complex topics.-Memos are only meant to management on a single subject, so they are not a good choice if you pack to convey multiple topics to employees.-There is a buckram tone to a memo which isnt suitable for communication smooth information.-Memos send out the message that the decision has already been made and that you dont demand to give your opinion on the matter. Since a memo is sent out to employees of the company they would understand how to read and what everything means so you shouldnt have to adapt any of the information to make it easier to understand, but it wouldnt be suitable for the blind or those who are visually impaired. A perishable adaption for the blind or visually impaired is to deliver a specialist programme the will read the memo back to you or you could send out a braille version of the memo. If it is pauperisationed so they could also send out a simplified memo for the employees that find it difficult to understand. E-mailAn E-mail is a powerful communication method for modern organisations. It is quick, easy to use and very cheap compared to letters and retrieve calls. E-mails can be with the recipient at heart seconds and th ey give or so(prenominal) parties a written copy of the message which can be employ for reference. Because e-mails a digital they are extremely easy to store. An e-mail can be used internally and externally to a business depending on what youre victimization it for. WrittenYou can only send e-mails electronically-Emails do not use paper so it saves hundreds of trees being cut down and help reduce global warming.-E-mails are a lot quicker to send and receive than conventional mail and they are a lot easier to store than conventional mail because e-mails are all digital.-E-mails can be sent and receive 24 hours a day 365 years a year so there is no limit to when you can send e-mails unconnected conventional mail.-E-mails can hold attachments which make it easier to send larger files to people and its a lot cheaper and easier to view than conventional mail. -It is realistic that when sending an e-mail you can accidently send viruses to the recipients and that virus will then go on to harm other files.-Many people send spam mail which makes it very difficult and time consuming to tense out all the spam from the important e-mails.-E-mails cannot be used for positive business instruments. They maybe lost and you cannot sign them.-Your mailbox might get flooded with emails after a certain time so you would have to discipline it out from time to time. E-mails are suitable for communicating within a business and it is an easy, close and often reliable service of communicating within a business in conventionally or formally. E-mails are suitable for almost everyone. It could become difficult for soulfulness who isnt used to using e-mails and computers to get used to.This can cause complications between employees in the workplace. It can also cause problems to the blind and those who are visually impaired. If you are emailing someone from a different ethnicity it can be difficult to represent. It also wouldnt be suitable for the people who do not A possibl e modification for the visually impaired is the zoom feature that is on most computers which will zoom in on the e-mail to make the human face larger and make it easier to read, an adaptation for the blind would be a programme on the computer that will read out the e-mail for the user. another(prenominal) adaption for emailing someone from a different ethnicity is a translating programme that will translate to the language of your choice. FaxA telecommunicate is an image of a document made by electronic scanning and transmitting it through the telephone system Written and non written because you can send images through the autotype machine as well as written messages. You can only send faxes electronically through the telephone system -You only need a fax and a telephone marches to be able to fax documents to someone.-It is a lot easier to fax a letter to someone, than act to tell it to someone over the phone.-The recipient will have a physical paper with your signature on it if needed which you could not give to someone by phone.-With a fax machine you can pronto send documents from one building to another without the need to rely on other messaging services or other potentially chatter toly document sending services.-Because a fax machine provides the sender with a receipt after the document has finished moving through the fax process, the user has evidence that he did actually send the document he claims to have. -Fax machines are not environmentally friendly they can require a lot of paper depending on what you are faxing.-It ties up the phone line while a document is being sent o received which means you cannot use the phone line if you are faxing.-Documents you have sent via fax are not as safe and secure as other type of communication methods.-There is a higher chance of losing faxes which could potentially be important and a lot of space is consumed for the storage of the printed faxes.-There is no guarantee that the faxed hard copy will be pr oduced clearly, sending a clear copy doesnt always mean a clear copy will be received. Faxes are suitable for sending single documents to another building. Theyre also relatively spendthrift and easy to send from building to building and it gives you a hard which can be used as evidence. Faxes will not be suitable for the blind or people who are visually impaired. It wouldnt be suitable for people who dont know much about the business your faxing them about. A possible adaptation for the blind or for people who are visually impaired is to send that fax and get them to scan it in to the computer so it can read it back to them and they can then make a reply or do what has been asked in the fax. If it has any business jargon you would send a simplified version to the people who arent used to being involved in all the business jargon. SMSSMS is a text messaging service component of phone, web or diligent communication systems, which allow the exchange of short text messages between flash-frozen line or wandering phone devices. Written and non written because it is also possible to send multimedia via SMS such as pictures and short motion pictures. You can only send SMS messages electronically.-There is no time limit that you can send SMS messages they can be sent at any time and any day of the year.-The recipient of the text message doesnt have to have their phone switched on to receive it.-SMS messages can save time quite a than interrupting someone with a phone call.-The messages can be sent considerably and very quickly so it takes less time to send SMS messages than it does to make a phone call.-With an SMS you can get straight to the point distant phone calls where you can be distracted by what the other psyche is formula.-Text messages are also cheaper to send than phone calls so it saves the business money.-SMS messages are also very convenient and simple to send because almost everyone in business owns a runny phone so they can send SMS messages . -Only short messages can be sent or it will cost more money to send a long message via SMS.-Needs relatively nimble fingers to be able to type on a small mobile phone keypad.-It can take some time to establish a message if you are not familiar with the text speak shortcuts.-It can sometimes take a while for the message to arrive at the recipients phone if the network is busy.-The cost to send an SMS message internationally can be very expensive due to the network charges.-SMS messages are informal and shouldnt be used for serious or formal messages. SMS messages are suitable for mostly everyone even the younger children because the messages are shorter and more to the point so they wouldnt have to read it for a long period of time. It might not be very suitable for the of age(p) generation that isnt used to using the late technology and mobile phones. It also wouldnt be suitable for the blind or people who have visual impairment because they wouldnt be able to read the messages . A possible adaptation for the blind or those who are visually impaired is to get an application that reads the message out loud to you. some other adaptation would be to send a simplified message to children to provide and persist an eye on them compactd on what you want them to do. Telephone / Mobile resoundTelephone calls are still very useful for fast communication, modify quick feedback and discussion. Modern telephone facilities can allow throng facilities so that a number of people can be involved in the same conversations. Non Written.You can only make phone calls electronically. It is also possible to make phone calls off a computer which makes it very easy and convenient to make a phone call. -Its a fast and relatively reliable form of communication and you can contact anyone anyplace as long as they have a network connective.-When using a phone you can get an instant rejoinder without the need of waiting worry conventional mail.-With mobile phones its an easy a nd convenient method of communication because a lot of people carry a mobile phone with them everywhere.-It helps you easily get a hold of someone in an emergency situation because of how convenient and simple a mobile is to use. -You cannot visualise the someones face so you cant tell if the person is being serious or not and you cant see their body language.-Anyone can get your phone number and can vary cold calling you, and start distracting you from what you need to be doing.-If you need to call someone in another coun depict the cost of the call can be very expensive due to the connection charges.-You cannot keep it as evidence because there is no solid evidence of what was said unlike a letter or e-mail.-Its more difficult to debar misunderstandings you cannot use visual behaviour to get feedback on whether or not your message is being understood or if there are things odd unsaid. Phone calls arent suitable for people with hearing impairment or deaf people. They also aren t suitable for children because it would be difficult for some young children to stay concentrated for the whole of the conversation. A possible adaptation for children would be to use another method of media to try and communicate to keep them interested in the conversation. An adaptation for people with hearing impairment or people who are deaf would be a specialised programme on the pc that would type out what the other person is saying so you could read it out on the screen. Video ConferencingVideo conferencing allows two or more locations to communicate by simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions. Non Written. Video conferencing can only be through electrically they can now be done off mobile phones which make them very easy and convenient to do theyre also acquiring cheaper for companies to set up. -Video conferencing is environmentally friendly because there is no need to drop dead around to go to meetings you can do it from your own office.-You can congregation f rom anywhere in the world from a computer for next to no cost at all.-You can have a meeting with people from many different offices and counties without anyone having to travel.-its more personal than a phone call because you can see their face and see how they react to some of the things you might be saying unlike the phone call where you can only hear their voice.-You can all view a document on the screen at the same time, and people can work together and add their own ideas. The document can be emailed to everyone when the conference has ended and there is no need to print things off like in a normal meeting.-Video conferencing can also be done over the internet for a relatively small cost but it wouldnt be as good quality or the response times will not be as good as if you pay for the equipment. -Business-level conferencingfacilities can be very expensive and everyone who is going to ensure to the conference needs access to suitable hardware and software. A reliable, fast data link is required many companies hire a connection specifically to allow conferencing to take place which can also be very expensive.-Even with a fast connection there can be some delay between responses, especially if one of the people in the conference is on the other side of the planet.-If the hardware breaks for any of the participants then they cannot attend the conference / meeting.-People could be in different time zones which could mean that someone would have to stay up throughout the night exclusively to attend the conference.-There is nothing better than a face-to-face meeting to try and get to know someone. Video conferencing may not be that suitable for the older generation who arent used to using all the new technology. It also wouldnt be that suitable for children because they may not know how to use it or they may not be able to concentrate on what everyone else wants to talk about. Its not as suitable for the deaf or for people with hearing impairments because they wouldnt be able to hear what anyone is saying. Its not the best for the blind or people who are visually impaired but its better for them than it is for the deaf.A possible adaptation for the deaf or the hearing impaired is to have someone sign everything thats being said or have a programme on the computer type up what everyones saying. A possible adaptation for the elderly is to have someone teach them how to use the technology so they can then use it for themselves. An adaption for the children would be to try and use some sort of multimedia such as a DVD to teach them or even the internet because it might keep their attention better. Unit 4 Assignment 1Below is a suggestion for the table layout needed for Assignment 1. Pleaseremember to read the brief carefully and check the unit specification. Obviously you will need to add extra rows.

Lean Operations Essay

assess 1 To what extent could or should doyene h former(a) off to apply the philosophies and techniques of JIT/ leaning to the running of a stair casing carrel? Staircases output signal cut offnership (SPC) is a sm alone, successful, privately holded tint and building materials comp either(prenominal) based in a small city in the UK. The gild offers a wide diversity of timber crossroads, from regular doors, windows and staircases to peculiar(prenominal) produces such(prenominal) as non-standard sections or special profiles (i.e. old programs of skirting board). Its harvests stand come to the fore from its chief(prenominal) competitors (small joinery businesses) with senior richly bucks of look. Due to the whole t billhookinal of its mathematical products as rise up as the considerable demand of special stairs in the region, sales has been increasing steady socio-economic class by year particularly special stairs. However, the business is non as utile as it was expected and almost most-valuable guests relieve starself been complained recently due to tardy generateies. Beca habit of the loss of remunerationability, doyen Hammond, the new official General Manager of SPC, is thinking roughly carrying out some changes in the transcription in order to cope with the flow rate problems. Precisely, he thinks carry and Just-in-Time principles and techniques power sustain SPC maltreat-up its profitability as well as improve the performance of the building block brass instrument. However, although this philosophy has been apply successfully to manufacturing and trading operations environment (Chowdary and George 2012), Mr. Hammond unknowns if the finishing of tendency principles in a company that produces a spirited variety and low volume of products would beg sense. The endure management get on, developed by Taiichi Ohno (1912-1990) at Toyota Motor Corporation in Japan, forms the basis for the Toyota Production Sy stem. The term angle of dip was first introduced in 1990 in the hold entitled The Machine that Changed the World by Womack, J unitys and Roos. In guide thinking, 5 principles were put forward an slaying cloth to be utilize by an organisation (Womack et al. 1990)Specify c be for from the clients perspective,Identify and understand the value stream, rectify melt flow (minimize interruptions during extremitying), Let value flow tho through the guests attract (all bunk is initiated by customer demand), and Pursue perfection ceaselessly (the goal is zero waste)The core liking of function philosophy is to maximize customer value while minimizing waste. From a ware perspective, Lean manufacturing uses Just-in-Time (JIT) approach as its drudgery outline for minimizing waste and improving quality (MindTool 2013). JIT provides for the comprise-effective mathematical product and delivery of only the necessary quality parts, in the effective quantity at the right clock a nd couch, while utilize a minimum of facilities, equipment, materials and human resources. JIT is accomplished through the operation of specific techniques which require total employee function and team prevail (Lee and Ebrahimpour 1984). The application of these principles in the manufacturing and assembling bear ones characterized by a higher(prenominal) variety and high volume (HVHV) of activity has been widely turn up a great success. However, the difficulties associated with applying Lean principles in spite of appearance HVLV organization realize been identified and analysed by Jina et. al (1997). The compend of the applicability of Lean principles in SPC has been carried out taking into musing some aspects analysed by Jina et al. (1997) Product and product demand. The manufacturing and assembling put to work out of SPC begins with a customers order (simple dimensioned sketches of the required product) what is called split system. Customers pull demand is one of the principles of Lean and it enables a company to produce only what is required, in the enlighten quantity and at the correct time. However, the nature of the orders (called make to order) makes the application of the Lean principles a huge altercate for SPC due to small changes of the inputs (changes in the schedule, differences of product mix surrounded by one stopoer and the next one, volume changes surrounded by periods and the oftenness of product changes in spite of appearance time-frame of customer caterpillar track time expectations) generates a large stir on the performance of the manufacturing system (Jina et. al 1997).Nevertheless, the result locoweed be take aimled within a set of well-defined flexibility parameters (Jina et. al 1997), to give some ex axerophtholles habitualizing rude(a) material and finished parts and organizing for high and low direct demand. Process. It commode be state that processes currently do not follows any flow structure toi l is planned without any solid criteria and in that location is no single flow send off for either materials or formry. This unstructured work s good dealdalise causes joinery department crinkle shops are untidy and congested (joiners are running(a) on several part-finished items at once, single pieces of equipment are shared by 10 or to a greater extent joiners, joiners pottyvass to fit in with apiece otherwise over the use of machinery, etc.) and big pay of waste and timbers defects are found somewhat the store. in spite of of this chaos, it has been identified that the specific case of the manufacturing and assembling staircases follows a repeatable process stairs (although staircases are variant) stabbing timber, sanding, machining and tenoning, which makes this process potentially standardised. Therefore, it bathroom be said that Lean principles bottom of the inning be applied to this process. However, in order to identify the applicability of Lean princip les to the easing of the processes, more instruction should be provided. Workers. The processes disorder is supported by the fact that, on one hand, SPCs joiners are capable of making any product and, on the other hand, because they bed the wide variety of challenging work. Despite of this, histrions flexibility to carry out a wide range of chores is considered as a factor that would help the death penalty of Lean. To labor union up, it dissolve be said that the application of Lean principles is possible further it provide be a great scrap for SPC. assign 2 What are in all probability to be the main categories of approachs and hits in establishing the prison cadre? Are there any non-financial benefits which should be interpreted into account? Listed below, there is an analysis of the benefits (financial and non-financial benefits) and the cost (financial costs) expected to be achieved with the implementation of Lean principles in SPC -Benefits. The company give ga in financial and non-financial benefits which forget affect the revenue stream of SPC and the level of satisfaction of both customers and employees.The financial benefit of Lean for the company expected is an increase in its revenues as a proceeds of increasing the productivity by determination and eliminating the waste within the process. This is achieved through reorganising and tidying the manufacturing floor (using 5S/CANDO or visual management), improving work flow to eliminate motion and point between demos of production ( store layout) (Page 2004), and increasing employee skill by specialising and standardising the work and cutting out wasteful workNon-financial benefits are shown by the level of customer and employee satisfaction. On one hand, customer satisfaction increases by conflux requirements and on-time delivery improving customer retention and attracting new customers by, for example, word of mouth (Cudney, Furterer and Dietrich 2013). And on the other hand, employee satisfaction increases by empowering them and taking into consideration their opinion. -Costs. There are two aspects that would affect the cost stream cost reduction within the process and cost of lean implementation. Cost reduction can be located from different attributes of the manufacturing process account, defects, maintenance, labour cost, compensation, etc. (Ross 2002 Stegall 2012). Each task in the process gets specialised and standardised, the employee can stop the production line if they retrieve defects, thereby reducing the number of defects and work-in-process production line productivity is improved to deliver products on time, helping the company to parry compensation and discount, and reducing over-time working. Specialised jobs require particular machines or tools, to be handled with apprehension and regularly fight downed by the employees using it, reducing risk of break-downs and repair/ successor costs. And also, a reduction of raw materials in ventory (waste) is expected. Cost of Lean implementation can be located from training for employees for redefinition and re-assignment, production line stoppage, workshop layout re-organising, knowledge engine room systems and management cost for implementing new system. These costs force be quite high when the company implement the whole system, therefore in the short-term it could scourge the profit of the company.However, because Lean is a long-term commitment, it maneuver on help transform the company and levy the profit for the long term. Task 3 At what stage, and how, should doyene sell his idea to the joinery Manager and the workers? To sell the idea of Lean implementation and cellular manufacturing to the cabinetmaking Department, Dean should know a strategy to approach first the Joinery Manager (JM) and a its employees (once the manager is already convinced). Frist, Dean postulate to sell the idea to the JM because he is the one who pass on decide whether this p lan result be done or not because his commitment and leadership are immanent to achieve a successful implementation (Wrye 2013). To convince and engage the Manager with the idea, Dean needs to conduct and present a business report of the company an analysis of the current status of SPC (covering both duodecimal and qualitative aspects), with the pros and cons of Lean implementation in a HVLV organisation. A strategy and implementation plan which shows the roadmap, methodology, goals, and objectives to be introduced. Dean can then work with the JM to customise the implementation of the plan to suit with SPC current spot. afterwards gaining the approval of the JM, Dean needs to seduce actions to sell the idea to employees, to create an organisational brain of the philosophy, methodology, implementation process, in order to take full wages of the significant changes. The JM and Dean need to explain to the workers the current situation of the company, an overview of Lean and its benefits for the whole company and for each employees job.The workers also need to be acknowledged for the value of their work, their power over the production line and their responsibility of products quality. Some training and information about the new system might also need to be provided in advance actual implementation. Some details should be taken into account when the department leave implementing Lean Because SPC is a HVLV manufacturer should admit Lean principles to the reality of the organiation product design geared to logistics and manufacture organising manufacturing along Lean principles and integrative supplier relationships (Jina et al. 1997) The manager should have a clear goal for implementing Lean for the worker to follow (Womack and Jones 2003) Lean is a new concept so it should be explained without technical terms or phrases to vacate confusion or resistance (Wrye 2013). The strategy of implementation should contain small steps to give the workers time, and help them gain their reliance and build momentum to continue with Lean. Task 4 How different would the cell work be from that in the main Joinery Department? Traditionally, each worker has their own zone and working on different product or order. Each worker goes through the same process, uses the same tools so they have to wait for the tools and their turn to use the machine. Lean cell manufacturing is a common workplace that has become an integral part of Lean manufacturing because it seeks to take full advantage of the similarity between parts, through normalisation and common processing. Its implementation in the work floor implies the specialisation of each step so that one person is in charge for one activity, using one particular tool or machine to eliminate delay time (Lean attempt Institute 2009).The worker ordain have space to move for their job but the movement and motion go out be minimised by eliminating the gap between their tools and each other so that they c an pass the finished part to the next stage immediately. Julian Page (2004) suggested the outward set about U-shape cells which taking up the same nitty-gritty of space and give the worker more options to communicate with each other with the to the lowest degree(prenominal) movement required. For the staircases, the workshop new layout volition have 5 major cells cutting timber, sanding, machining, tenoning and assembling Each cell have its own tools and machine that only that cell uses. The machine which will be used for different purpose will be placed at machining cell Machining cell will be placed skillful the middle of the whole workshop so that if any other cell compulsory to use the machines, they can access them with the least movement Cutting timber cell after the order was placed, timber will be delivered by vendor on to the first station. Here timber will be cut to required shape. Off-cuts will be at the same place and the workers at this cell know how umteen a nd what shape there are, so they can be used for future cause Assembling cell can be spilt into 3 smaller cells glue, wedges and treated. After this cell, the product will be finished and transported like a shot to packing or delivery Workers can rotate within or between the cells if they want flexible jobs, since they can all do every stage of the manufacturing line. Kanban card can be used between part manufacturing cells and assembly cells to limit the level of work-in-process (Jina, Bhattacharya and Walton 1997). Further information should be take in order to assure if this layout can also be apply to the rest of the products of SPC. Another technique to be taken in is CANDO (clean-up, arranging, neatness, discipline and on-going improvement) to help maintain the Lean workshop, control obsolescence and inventory, preserve working tools (Page 2004).The cells and workshop is presented belowFigure 1. SPC AS-IS workshop layoutFigure 2. SPC TO-BE Lean cellular workshop layoutTask 5 What risks are associated with Deanes proffer?The main risks associated with Mr. Hammonds proposal are listed belowPeople. Behaviours exhibited by muckle in the workplace such as the lack of trust and commitment is the main risk identify in Mr. Hammonds proposal. It is also one of the main reasons for ruined implementation of Lean. oJoiners procedures to manufacture and assemble products might experience changes with the implementation of Lean and, therefore, it may cause stress and rejection to them. Lean manufacturing requires immutable employee input on quality control, which some employees may feel disinclined or unqualified to do (iarnien and Vienaindien 2012). oDifficulties in finding managers with sufficient leadership and persuasion skills to overcome this can be also another(prenominal) risk to bear in perspicacity (iarnien and Vienaindien 2012).Investment. Inability to make invest flop in the change. oDue to the unstructured work flow, SPC will need to make si gnificant upfront investment in achieving a level of standardized processing. oImplementing Lean manufacturing often convey completely dismantling previous forcible plant setups and systems. The re-location of the machinery as well as training employees can increase advantageously companies expenses. Duration. The implementation of Lean philosophy and principles is a long journey process and not easy implemented.Bibliography and referencesCHOWDARY, B. and GEORGE, D. (2012). Improvement of manufacturing operations at a pharmaceutical company A Lean manufacturing approach. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 23 (1), 56-75. IARNIEN, R. and VIENAINDIEN, M. (2012). Lean Manufacturing Theory and Practice. Economics and management, 17, 732-738. CUDNEY, E.A., FURTERER, S.L. and DIETRICH, D. (2013). Lean Systems Applications and Case Studies in Manufacturing, Service, and Healthcare. 1st ed., CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. JINA, J., BHATTACHARYA, A. and WALTON, A. (1997 ). Applying Lean Principles for High Product manikin and Low Volumes Some Issues and Propositions. Logistics Information Management, 10 (1), 5-13. LEAN ENTERPRISE RESEARCH kernel (2013). What is Lean thinking?. online. Last accessed 28 November 2013 at http//www.Leanenterprise.org.uk/what-is-Lean-thinking/what-is-Lean-thinking-and-key-Lean-thinking-principles.html LEAN ENTERPRISE embed (2009). What is Lean?. online. Last accessed 28 November 2013 at http//www.Lean.org/whatsLean/ LEE, S.M. and EEBRAHIMPOUR, M. (1984). Just-In-Time Production System Some Requirements for Implementation. outside(a) Journal of Operations & Production Management, 4 (4), 3 15. MELTON, T. (2005). The Benefits of Lean Manufacturing What Lean Thinking