The Role of African Americans in the Revolutionary War Essay -- essays

The Role of African Americans in the Revolutionary WarAn estimated 100,000 African Americans escaped, died or were kil guide during the American Revolution(Mount). rough 95% of African Americans in the United States were slaves, and beca workout of their status, the use of them during the revolution was inevitable(Mount). This led many Americans, especially those from the North, to believe that the Souths economy would collapse without slavery due to the use of slaves on the front lines. However, only a small percentage of the slave population enlisted in either army.The concept of using slaves as soldiers was hardly revolutionary. Blacks had served our verdant with honor and bravery since the countrys earliest days. Not only did the black troops fight for the United States, but also for England. The British crown used their heads and make an agreement which would help them draft slave troops. This was a chance for emancipation of slaves who fought against their masters.African Am ericans were active prior to the start of the war. The Boston Massacre was an event which created a want for independence. On March 5, 1770, the British troops stationed on King Street in Boston were confronted with an uprising and began shooting into the crowd(Davis 206). Crispus Attucks, a black man, led the 1770 uprising against British troops that resulted in the Boston Massacre. It is alleged that he cried out, "Dont be afraid" as he led the crowd of protesters against armed British...

Information Technology in Society Essay -- Technology, Computers

IntroductionRichard (2004) pointed out In the long history technology innovation, the electronic data processor sense is no more notable than such major inventions as the steam engine, the train, electricity and electronics, the telegraph and the telephone, the automobile, the airplane, radio, motion pictures and television. The 21st century is the age of computer technology and it has brought about a fundamental change in all aspect of our life. It has largely influenced the way we communicate and the way information exchange is facilitated in todays existence. The modern world has been shaped by its metaphysics, which has shaped its education, which in turn has brought frontwards its science and technology. So, without going back to metaphysics and education, we can say that the modern world has been shaped by technology. It tumbles from crisis to crisis on all sides there are prophecies of disaster and, indeed, manifest signs of breakdown. If that which has been shaped by technology, and continues to be so shaped, looks sick, it might be bright to have a look at technology itself. If technology is felt to be becoming more and more in humankind, we might do well to realize whether it is possible to have something better-a technology with a human face. This is the era of computer (information technology) every action of human being has become mechanized. One of the bad section of this computerized age is that human being is gradually become substitute computer. The actual happening is not that computer will start to thinking give care human, barely that human will start thinking and act like computer. It is dread that human will be totally assistant to technology (Lin & Atkin, 2007). Overall, everything just like Anthony St. Peter (2010) quoted Nicholas Negropon... ...ther, they would group chat which is say have 5 friends all chatting so we have to send each text to 5 people at once and because the texts were free they would ask such silly que stions using text like u ok? Then reception to that would be at Gammas my response doing what? Want to go shopping. And before you know it we have sent like 15 texts each (Hanks, 2010).ConclusionIn general, Mr. Harris is using his quote to make us reality more aware of the real insecurity and its consequences. He is trying to deject us off what most of us believe that the real danger is that computers will begin to think like humans. However, he is trying to turn us around and make us apprehend that, in fact, it is the opposite, that if we as humans begin to think like computers, the consequences will be far more severe. Mr. Harris has achieved his inspiration by saying this quote. Information Technology in Society raise -- Technology, ComputersIntroductionRichard (2004) pointed out In the long history technology innovation, the computer sense is no more notable than such major inventions as the steam engine, the train, electricity and electronics, the telegrap h and the telephone, the automobile, the airplane, radio, motion pictures and television. The 21st century is the age of computer technology and it has brought about a fundamental change in every facet of our life. It has largely influenced the way we communicate and the way information exchange is facilitated in todays world. The modern world has been shaped by its metaphysics, which has shaped its education, which in turn has brought forth its science and technology. So, without going back to metaphysics and education, we can say that the modern world has been shaped by technology. It tumbles from crisis to crisis on all sides there are prophecies of disaster and, indeed, visible signs of breakdown. If that which has been shaped by technology, and continues to be so shaped, looks sick, it might be wise to have a look at technology itself. If technology is felt to be becoming more and more inhuman, we might do well to consider whether it is possible to have something better-a techn ology with a human face. This is the era of computer (information technology) every action of human being has become mechanized. One of the bad element of this computerized age is that human being is gradually become substitute computer. The actual hazard is not that computer will start to thinking like human, but that human will start thinking and act like computer. It is dread that human will be totally assistant to technology (Lin & Atkin, 2007). Overall, everything just like Anthony St. Peter (2010) quoted Nicholas Negropon... ...ther, they would group chat which is say have 5 friends all chatting so we have to send each text to 5 people at once and because the texts were free they would ask such silly questions using text like u ok? Then response to that would be at Gammas my response doing what? Want to go shopping. And before you know it we have sent like 15 texts each (Hanks, 2010).ConclusionIn general, Mr. Harris is using his quote to make us humans more aware of the real danger and its consequences. He is trying to get us off what most of us believe that the real danger is that computers will begin to think like humans. However, he is trying to turn us around and make us apprehend that, in fact, it is the opposite, that if we as humans begin to think like computers, the consequences will be far more severe. Mr. Harris has achieved his ambition by saying this quote.

The Contribution of Split-Brain Studies to Our Understanding of Brain F

Understanding humour functioning has been a complex phenomena in the field of Biopsychology yielding mountains of research, speculation and differing opinions amongst researchers. Obvious is that, which our brains ar comprised up from two hemispheres, the right and the left (in Gazzaniga., 2002). With great scrutiny research has successfully demonstrated that the two hemispheres are highly specialized regions serving differing functions a concept referred to as lateralization of function (in Passer, Smith, Holt, Bremner, Sutherland & Vliek 2009). For example, the left hemisphere is responsible for speech production whilst the right hemisphere deals with the comprehension of emotional responses. It is also the expression that the right hemisphere governs the left side of the body and the left hemisphere governs the right side of the body with the brain displaying contralateral control (in Passer et al., 2009). A common misconception exhibited by most is that the brain acts as a wh ole, rather the brain is performs on a unitary level with independent functions (in Pinel., 2009). Because the two cerebral hemispheres are known to communicate via the corpus callosum(in Pinel., 2009) researchers have been particularly intrigued with the idea of what happens when the communication between these hemispheres are disrupted. The corpus callosum is a bridge of nerve tissues in the brain which acts as a communication base (in Pinel., 2009). Damage to the corpus callosum results in a dissipate brain, a situation where the neural connections in the brain are severed resulting in lost mental abilities. The consequences of these lost mental abilities can be demonstrated through a large number of break off brain studies with the help two prominent researchers... ...e that the brain serves many different purposes rather than being a unit of its own and that hemispheric differences exist in the brain. With or without communication through the corpus callsoum, the two cereba l hemispheres are perfectly capable of functioning in an independent manner.Research aimed to understand the biological basis of hemispheric function has somewhat reached general consensus. However, individual variations must be acknowledged in split brain patients as cognitive abilities vary significantly. References Gazzaniga, M. S. (2002). The split brain revisited.Passer, M., Smith, R., Holt, N., Bremner, A., Sutherland, E., & Vliek, M. (2009). Psychology Science of Mind and Behaviour. (European Edition).Maidenhead McGraw-Hill. New York.Pinel, J.P.J. (2009). Biopsychology (7th ed.). Allyn and Bacon. Pearson Education Limited.

Argument and Parody in T.S. Eliots Four Quartets Essay -- T.S. Eliot

The Seduction of Argument and the Danger of Parody in T.S. Eliots Four Quartets though its more lyrical passages present detailed and evocative imagery, substantial portions of T.S. Eliots Four Quartets afford no such easy approach. Since the initial appearance of Burnt Norton it has been a fine commonplace to regard these portions of the text as at once its most abstractly profound and its most formally prosaic. Of course, the Quartets offer enough cues toward this detailed attitude that it may fairly be said to reside within the poem at least as much as it is imposed from without. As the text of the poem itself apparently gives license to the view that its poetry does not matter, the preponderance of critical attention to the Quartets non-lyrical passages has been devoted to philosophical and theological paraphrase of its argument, to explicating the agreement of belief or thought behind the words. Meanwhile, relatively little attention has been paid to the working of the poetr y itself, to the construction of the presumed meaning, in these discursive or conceptual passages. Seduced by the desire for a systematic argument, criticism has overestimated these passages straightforwardness and largely neglected their ambiguity and indeterminacy. The seductive articulatio of argument which is already a voice within the poem invites conceptual scrutiny but repels formal analysis it displaces the concerns of poetry in order to work its poetry undetected. I will be reading critically several critical discussions, but always in the belief that the criticisms concerns are not projected onto the poem from without, but express the critical voices within the poem. The seduction of reading the Four Quartets as a systema... ...loise Knapp. T.S. Eliots Negative Way. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press, 1982. Kenner, Hugh. The Invisible Poet T.S. Eliot. capital of the United Kingdom Methuen & Co., 1965. Orwell, George. T.S. Eliot. In T.S. Eliot Four Quartets A Cas ebook. Ed. Bernard Bergonzi. London Macmillan, 1969. Reed, Henry. Chard Whitlow. In Collected Poems, p. 15. New York Oxford University Press, 1991. Shapiro, Karl. Poetic Bankruptcy. In T.S. Eliot Four Quartets A Casebook. Ed. Bernard Bergonzi. London Macmillan, 1969. Thompson, Eric. T.S. Eliot The Metaphysical Perspective. Carbondale, Ill. Southern Illinois University Press, 1963. Times Literary Supplement. Mr T.S. Eliots Confession. In T.S. Eliot Four Quartets A Casebook. Ed. Bernard Bergonzi. London Macmillan, 1969. Traversi, Derek. T.S. Eliot The Longer Poems. London The Bodley Head, 1976.

Who Is Most To Blame For Macbeths Downfall? :: essays research papers

Who Is Most To Blame For Macbeths Downfall?I have chosen to write my essay about the cause of Macbeths downfall. I weigh Macbeth had an immense build up of hatred inside him waiting to bereleased. I will discuss the possible factors that could have placed the final still hunt on the camels back and top off to the releasing of brave soldier Macbethsbloodthirst, and why he committed the acts he did.The first suspects are the witches. After all it was their voices that embed the thoughts into Macbeths head that he would be king. When Macbethheard this, he figured that no matter what he did he would become the king.After hearing King Duncans thirst to have Malcom carry on the throne, Macbethquickly lost faith that he could achieve the throne without doing anything, sohe took it upon himself to make things happen. After killing Duncan he fearedBanquo for his knowledge of the witches prophecies and had him killed as well.Macbeth seemed to be losing himself after Duncans death due to his obsessionwith the witches prophecies, so in turn, the witches could be partly responsiblefor Macbeths downfall.Lady Macbeth can also be held accountable for Macbeths decline of sanityand power. Although it didnt take much, her persuasion lead to the killing ofDuncan. She wanted Macbeth to take the rank of king as much as he did.Pressure from his spouse added on to all the other pressures from the prophecies,also helped tempt Macbeth to murder. Not only did her doings contribute toMacbeths turmoil, but it also lead herself to become mad.The character most guilty of Macbeths physical downfall would have to beMacduff. He was the one that actually removed Macbeths head from his spine.Also when Macduff left, Macbeth became more than ensnarled by his anger and respondedby prooving himself a cold hearted savage when he had Macduffs innocent wifeand children slaughtered.Out of all the external elements that affected Macbeths downward spiral, Ibelieve Macbeth himself was the most to blame . It was his weak conscience thatwas so easily molded. He always had a choice as to what he would do, and moreoften wherefore not he chose the wrong path. In the end it all caught up to him, and

Who Is Most To Blame For Macbeths Downfall? :: essays research papers

Who Is Most To Blame For Macbeths Downfall?I have chosen to write my essay about the cause of Macbeths downfall. I accept Macbeth had an immense build up of hatred inside him waiting to bereleased. I will discuss the possible factors that could have placed the final stem on the camels back and ply to the releasing of brave soldier Macbethsbloodthirst, and why he committed the acts he did.The first suspects are the witches. After all it was their voices that implant the thoughts into Macbeths head that he would be king. When Macbethheard this, he figured that no matter what he did he would become the king.After hearing King Duncans disposition to have Malcom carry on the throne, Macbethquickly lost faith that he could achieve the throne without doing anything, sohe took it upon himself to make things happen. After killing Duncan he fearedBanquo for his knowledge of the witches prophecies and had him killed as well.Macbeth seemed to be losing himself after Duncans death due to his o bsessionwith the witches prophecies, so in turn, the witches could be partly responsiblefor Macbeths downfall.Lady Macbeth can similarly be held accountable for Macbeths decline of sanityand power. Although it didnt take much, her persuasion lead to the killing ofDuncan. She wanted Macbeth to take the rank of king as much as he did.Pressure from his spouse added on to all the other pressures from the prophecies,also helped tempt Macbeth to murder. Not only did her doings contribute toMacbeths turmoil, but it also lead herself to become mad.The character most guilty of Macbeths physical downfall would have to beMacduff. He was the one that actually removed Macbeths head from his spine.Also when Macduff left, Macbeth became more(prenominal) ensnarled by his anger and respondedby prooving himself a cold hearted savage when he had Macduffs innocent wifeand children slaughtered.Out of all the external elements that affected Macbeths downward spiral, Ibelieve Macbeth himself was the mos t to blame. It was his weak conscience thatwas so easily molded. He always had a choice as to what he would do, and moreoften then not he chose the wrong path. In the end it all caught up to him, and

Kiss of the Spider Woman

In Manuel Puigs novel Kiss of the Spider Woman, Molina and Valentin intention fancy as a flair of escapism. Firstly, Molina uses the films he tells in the electric cell to escape his unfavor qualified and lonely life by creating a preferred humankind through the fantasy he creates in them. Secondly, the setting of the cell itself provides Molina with a sanctuary from the outdoors world, allowing him to escape from the sex activity roles in which he is confined in and fantasize rough taking on the feminine role with Valentin through the isolation of jail.Lastly, in Valentins morphine-induced fantasy at the end of the novel, he foundation escape from the socially accepted stereotypical male gender roles and express his on-key feelings about Molina. Firstly, Molina uses the fantasy presented in the films he reiterates as a way to escape from the harsh reality of the real world, creating his profess, more favourable one. This perspective can be seen throughout the novel, particu larly in association with the strong romanticistic and feminine aspects displayed in the films.A film that allows Molina to escape the real world is told through his rate of flow of consciousness in chapter five, which tells the love story amidst an unattractive wet-nurse and a young soldier, face scarred by the war. This film is very personal to Molina in two aspects. Firstly, it is told not aloud to Valentin, but inside his own head, and secondly, it features a protagonist who is an outcast to society who nonetheless finds love. It is told through the first person perspective of the maid, and the use of personal pronouns draw a connection between the characters of Molina and the maid.This parallel characterization is heightened through the maids casual and repeated reference to herself as an ugly girl (100), mimicking Molinas expressions of self-deprecation through belittling diction. He is constantly using words like revulsion (260) and disgust (262) to describe himself with, and he even interjects the film to recount the judges description of him as the worst, a revolting fag (106). It is clear that Molina, a gay man living in a homophobic country of machismo men feels like an outsider with a lack of self worth.In the chapter three, Molina relates the story of his unrequited love for the waiter Gabriel a heterosexual man who does not return Molinas feelings. Molina is escaping from the bitter trueness of his own love-less life and living through the fantasies he presents in the form of films an outlet that allows him to hold a preferred and utopian reality. Puigs purpose in drawing a parallel between the maid and Molina is to express Molinas intense desire to find love and acceptance and suggest the eventuality this lies in Molinas future, as it did for the maid.Through film, Molina can escape the bitter actuality of his own life into his own highly romantic and idealistic fantasies. Not only does Molina use fantasy in his stories as a way of escapis m, through the isolation of their cell, Molina can escape from confining tralatitious gender roles and assume the feminine role with Valentin, a form of fantasy for him. Throughout the novel, it has been made clear that Molina identifies with women even claiming I want to be one (19). Inside the cell Molina is able to escape from the diagonal experienced in his primarily homophobic country and don the feminine traits he associates himself with.Molina cares for Valentin when the latter becomes ill, indulging in a fantasy in which he is sympathetic, caring and maternal. For example But you have to wait for that, until you feel okay, and you can be sure that you only get half of that (156). It is obvious that Molina enjoys being instrumental to Valentin. In a sense, Molina is not so much homosexual as he merely believes himself a woman. Indeed, he firmly believes in the stereotypical and traditional roles of men and women But if a man ismy husband, he has to give the orders, so he w ill feel right. Thats the natural thing, because that makes him the man of the house (244).Molinas identification of himself as female is what makes him subject to prejudice, such as the kind he experienced with the judge. Towards the end of the novel, Molina comes to the realization that his situation outside the jail cell will never change, and that the fantasy he is experiencing with Valentin will not last No, theyll never change (215). Puig creates the irony that it is within the confines of prison that Molina feels the most free, and it is outside where he feels imprisoned. Inside the jail cell, Molina is able to escape the bleak future in which he foresees himself never fully being able to embrace his gender identity.The fantasy he is living with Valentin is an opportunity to live his life like a woman, free from prejudice and discrimination. Although it is mainly Molina who utilizes fantasy throughout the novel, in his stream of consciousness at the end of the novel, it is Va lentin who escapes from the pain of real life and the confinement of the cell into a morphine-induced fantasy. In this dream-like state, Valentin, free from socially accepted gender roles, is able to express his true feelings and thoughts.At the beginning of the novel, Valentins only addition to the films appeared in blunt interruptions, often cartridge clips closer to criticism of the films than positive contribution I dont really get it, its very confusing the way you tell it (12). As the novel progressed, and Valentin and Molina grew closer together, the dialogue between them became of great significance, as Valentin let down his emotional guard. This emotional development culminated in Valentins expressive and out of character dream, full of vivid imagery, in which he can escape from the expectations of his gender, and express his true feelings, specifically towards Molina.The metaphor of Molina as the Spider Woman is epitomized in this chapter and through this image, Valentin can express his true feelings about him so many threads that look like hairy like ropes and disgust me, even though if I were to touch them they might feel as smooth as who knows what, but it makes me queasy to touch them (280). This represents Valentins initial unease about being intimate with Molina, but at the same time knowing that allowing someone into his personal life could potentially be gratifying.Being part of a revolutionary group, Valentin has been accustomed to severing personal relations that interfere with the cause. At the same time, he has been associated with having very masculine traits, even proclaiming Im no woman (38). By Valentin admitting both that he had sex with Molina, and that he enjoyed it (280) shows an commodious diversion from his characterization at the beginning of the novel. In this fantastical state, he can escape from the traditional gender roles in which is perceived with and admit to his true sentiments.In conclusion, fantasy plays a very imp ortant role in terms of escapism for Molina and Valentin in the novel, both in terms of physical and physiological situations. Molina and Valentin experience three key escapist fantasies throughout the novel Molina uses the fantasies in the films to escape his own disparaging life, Molina uses the setting of the cell itself as an escape for the gender roles he sees himself confined in in the outside world, and Valentins dream like fantasy allows him to express his true feelings and escape confining male gender roles.The purpose of these fantasies in Kiss of the Spider Woman is to provide the characters with an environment in which they can escape from the confines of their life and express their true feelings. Indeed, it is these fantasies that provide instructive characterization and allow the reader to truly discern the nature of the characters of Molina and Valentin.Work Cited Puig, Manuel. Kiss of the Spider Woman. New York Knopf, 1979. Print.

Assess The Individual In A Health And Social Care Setting Essay

As a part of my role I go out and assess potential residents that ar provoke wind to be admitted to the domicil where I scarper. The usual process is that well-nighone telephones or visits, whether it be a Social Worker, a family member, a Health Care nonrecreational from Hospital or the perspective resident themselves. We commence an assessment exploit for this stage we c tout ensemble a Resident Enquiry form, basic details are conveyed of the potential resident and contact details are noted as well as medical conditions, and a brief overall picture of the person. once a visit has been arranged or if they happen to come unannounced which is recommended, I give them some information after they have had a look around the Home and asked any questions they may have. The information includes our Home brochure, our statement of purpose, our CSSIW report and Local Authority report and a newsletter.It is extremely important to work in partnership with other agencies involved wit h the potential resident to be able-bodied to provide the right dread needed and the right social milieu and know their personal choices etc. It should enable a smooth cross over into the Care setting, with all their needs being met and staff are able to loll an overview of the residents needs as well as their personality, hobbies, character etc.Looking at this unit I have find several styles of assessment, the questioning model, which is something I often do when assessing a resident, as I personally feel it can be impersonal sat pickax in a form in front of them, as if they have to pass a certain test to be allowed to come to the Home. I pick out to ask, listen, process the information, and and then go and fill out the form after I have finished jawting to the resident. This method is however led by me as the service provider I have to decide if our Home is able to meet their needs as I ask some of the questions that we have on our assessment form that we determination. Read moreEssay About Assess Individual in Health CareI dont in particular analogous the procedure model as it appears that the potential resident has to tick all the right boxes to get a place in our care Home. If inappropriate for whatever reason they may feel rejection,insignificant, upset and worried.The exchange model sounds the best as it puts the person being assessed as the expert and I would like to put an assessment across this way, and ask things like how do you think we as a Home can foster you? Etc. The resident should be the most important person in all decisions being made prior to coming into our care Home. They are the ones that are going to be affected, emotionally, physically, mentally, a disruption to their usual daily life, a huge significant change, giving up their own homes, with so many memories and treasures.Our standard resident assessment form prior to opening, is set out much like our enquiry form but in much more depth, the form is designed as a rou gh guide of questions to ask prior to assessment to ensure that the Home has the right facilities, environment to meet their needs. Not all of the form is filled in with the potential resident, some questions are asked of the Nursing Staff, family or social worker. I think that when assessing a resident it is important to gain their trust, get to know them and chat about other things not only what is on the form. I like to talk about the Home where I work describing it, the staff, the Home owner, the dog, the food then let them ask me questions if they wish which they usually do.I try and be as positive as I can about them coming into care, describing activities that gain place, the fun we have at Christmas and birth geezerhood, the productions the staff perform for the residents etc. The elderly often think of care homes as the end, defeated, giving up, sadness, etc, I like to help them see things differently if I can, that together we can help them continue to be happy, continue their way of lives as best as we can, that they will never be alone or aquaphobic, that someone is always around if they need them, that they will make new friends etc. When assessing I believe I use a mix of the questioning and the exchange model.Recently I was asked to show a couple around our Home, which I did of course. After looking around the Home I sat and chatted with them answering various questions and taking details off them as they were extremely keen for their relative to come to us as concisely as possible. The potential resident was inhospital and initially the advice give to the family who has no Social services interaction thus far, was to go down that route, get a social worker involved to assess, to offer support with choice of a home, the financial procedures etc. The family were happy with this route as there was no immediate hurry for her to be admitted, she was currently in hospital recovering after a water infection and some dizziness. Two days afterward t he family contacted the Home asking if someone could come and assess their Mum as soon as possible, because after telling their Mum they had visited us and how the Home was, she was very(prenominal)(prenominal) eager to come to us straight away and the Social services had told the family that it may be several weeks for them to come and see and start the process going.The family were afraid the bed we had available might go, that the only involvement they needed from Social services would be to set up a care assessment and a contract of agreed care needed as the financial help would not be required as she would be privately funding herself. I chatted with my Manager who agreed that it was in this ladys best interest to go and assess her as she wanted to leave hospital and come to us, so after contacting the ward in the hospital to let them know we would be coming to assess Mrs G, we both went to assess her in hospital the next day, which the family were thrill about. I took the le ad in her assessment and asked the defends on the reception area if I could pleas come and assess Mrs. G and where I was from and my position, they then told us where to go to find her. Mrs G was absolutely lovely she was really pleased to meet us and asked immediately when can I come to you. We chatted for a while, she said that we could ask her anything and she would tell us whatever we needed to know.We talked about where we both lived, about our children, about old Aberdare, how things have changed. She told me she was not going home to her house as she was afraid of being alone and wanted company. We had a few giggles as we shared some funny stories about our families, then I asked her a few questions about her basic needs and abilities. I didnt write anything down whilst I was chatting with her as I felt it would be rude, I asked her what we could do for her, what she likes to do, what interests she has etc. She was really open about everything and was so pleased to know she could get out of hospital and come to us. She asked me what happens next, when she could come.I said I was going to have a chat with the nurses first, then the home owner then make arrangements foran admission date if she was happy with that, she of course was. I went to find a nurse that had been looking after Mrs G, I asked how she was as a patient in the hospital, and she said she was a lovely lady, no problem whatsoever, independent though sometimes forgetful, does everything herself, sleeps well, but is at risk of falling. The nursing staff had given Mrs G a zimmer whilst in hospital, and the impression I was give was that they werent very keen on their patients moving around in case they fall. I thanked the nurse for her assistance and told her I would be in touch once an admission date had been arranged.I telephoned the Home Owner to ask when it would be convenient for Mrs G to be admitted, if there were any jobs he needed to do in the empty bedroom, he said that she could co me whenever she was ready. Mrs G and her family were of course thrilled with this news and an admission date was arranged and the ward staff informed. Two days later Mrs G was admitted to the Home and is still very happy and settled with us. Her early assessment enabled her to come to us within a few days, she was miserable in hospital in a bay on her own, she knew she couldnt manage at home and didnt want to anymore and wanted to get a bed with us, as she was familiar with our Home, she had actually visited some friends of hers that lived in the Home for a while, several years previously.After her admission is when the real paperwork assessments and care plans, risk assessments take place, the personal history forms, care profiles, likes dislikes etc all have to be completed. This was all done with Mrs G present and asking her opinion on what was put in place for her. You will see by her care plans that I recommended she be weighed regularly as she was really small, 5 stone on adm ission and not a great eater, I later recommended if things deteriorated she be referred to a dietician, which she has since being admitted.Her daughter and she agreed she no longer needed a zimmer frame she now walks without one and is perfectly safe and able to do so. She does forget to wash and dress, she does like to stay in her room some days, she might forget to wear underwear, she likes to walk up and down the stairs unaided and go back and fore to her room and the garden whenever she likes, which is all ok, it is all accounted for in her care plans andrisk assessments and she is happy and settled and her family are happy too.

Explain what is meant by the term national curriculum Essay

The basic school curriculum includes the national curriculum, spiritual education and sex education. The national curriculum is a set of subjects and standards used by primary and secondary schools so children learn the same things it is defined by four key stages to be spread over the 12 years of compulsory years of schooling. It covers what subjects are taught and the standards children should r separately in each subject. Other types of schools such as academies and private schools beginnert have to follow the national curriculum. Academies must teach a broad and balanced curriculum including English, maths and science.They must also teach religious education. The national curriculum is organised into four key stages at the end of each key stage, the pupils teacher will formally treasure their performance to measure the pupils progress. This will set targets for learning and will also show how performance will be assessed and then reported. For each subject theres a programme of study, it describes what children should learn. Discuss 5 factors that influence learningThe influence of other people can have an act the pupils learning the ways in which this can happen is by the way there family encourage learning if their family encourages and is enthusiastic about learning the student is more than likely to be enthusiastic and therefore become a more effective learner if the students family do not promote the benefits of learning this can arrive the child less enthusiastic giving them an undervalued opinion of learning and education and affecting their capabilities.

Proposal for Library System

ACLC College Balanga City, Bataan CAPSTONE PROJECT TITLE PROPOSAL In Partial Fulfillment of the Program Requirements In Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Proposed Start Date Anticipated Date of Graduation Engr. Carmencita O. Savella Thesis Adviser 1. Tentative Thesis title This needs to be succinct, reflecting the appropriate scope of work you argon undertaking.For instance, Investigations in the Applications of XML is so broad as to be meaningless, Using XML for Data Representation is a little more focused but is still too broad, but Using XML for Data Representation in Financial Service Brokerage Systems faculty be reasonable, and Comparing XML Data Representation to Traditional Data Representation in Financial Services Brokerage Systems would be much more appropriate. At this point, consider your title a working title, since changes in direction along the way exit affect the results you finally achieve. 2. AbstractDescribe, in one or two sentences, what the central theme, or thesis, of this find is to be. Then, in only two or three paragraphs, give a summary of what you hope your project will show, what technologies atomic number 18 relevant, and what your approach is. 3. Thesis Project Description In this section, elaborate on the summary above. This gives you a chance to describe how background work you have already done in narrowing d feature your thoughts to a thesis topic of a reasonable scope. Include references to material you have used to help you deposit this proposal (use the References section to give a complete description of the references).Begin by describing the context in which this project is being done. This includes relevant course work, research sources, your own background and readiness for the topic, other research that is like yours or upon which your project is based (use references if need be). Next, describe how you will approach the project and related performance work. For instance, you female genitalia give a description of background information you have already gathered, and other sources you expect to tap into.Then describe the implementation vehicle (for instance, an exercise you will build) that will either illustrate your thesis or form the core of your demonstration. If you have any preliminary requirements or design information (including inclination models, data models, algorithms) describe them here. This chapter should cover the following Background of the project Comparison of your approach to other approaches A description of the screening or software components that will be written as part of the project A brief description of your technology choicesToo often, a student will present a plat showing a set of tiers, such as Presentation, 3 Business Logic and Data Access. This is usually accompanied by text that explains the well-known dissolve of each tier. While this is a useful way to organize ones implementation that is supported by many platforms, there are two problems with this diagram as the architecture for my system. First, most people who use this dont include a single word on the diagram that refers to any specific feature of the application that is, the diagram is application-independent. An nalogy is that of a housing architect sending you a model for your new house that shows four tiers a foundation, two floors with walls, and the roof. What you really need to await are diagrams that show how the house fits into its surroundings and the elements of the house and their relationships to one another the style of the doors and windows, the location of rooms, stairs, hallways, and so on, so that you can imagine how you might give out in the house. Second, although these multi-tier diagrams have been around and are available from many sources, no citation of the source used is present.So you need to think carefully just about the major(ip) functional components of the application youre building from a user perspective (e. g. , a Customer Information Service, an Order Subsystem, a Business Rule Interpreter) and also paint a picture how these components depend on one another. Only then can you convey to a potential user what the system will do when its built and how you are planning to design and stage the implementation. 4 Work Plan In this chapter, describe what your overall work plan is.Be as specific as you can as to how the parts of your project work will come together so that you and your thesis director can make better decisions about changes as new information comes to light. 4. 1 Assumptions, Risks and Alternatives Describe the development environment you require (language, OS, system) and other tools you expect to use. Also describe any assumptions you have made about what it will take to finish your work. Describe the risks you now see as inherent in your work and alternatives you might have to take to ameliorate these risks (e. g. , project scope and alternatives for scope reduction) 4. Prelim inary Schedule Give a breakdown of the activities that lead to completion of major milestones in your work, and give rough time estimates for finish these activities. These should be at the level of detail of 2-4 weeks each. 5 Glossary You should not assume that all readers are familiar with the technology or terminology referred to in your thesis proposal. This section should include definitions of major terms and an explanation of acronyms. 6 References Be sure to adhere to the format for references in the Thesis Guide. Also, use the seemly format for citations of references in the document.

Pronature and Pro Nurture

I think the flaw lies behind assuming that any one particular behavior is only when responsible or due to genetics. Genetics do play huge design in affecting one directly such as their responses to an thin out or situation that may occur. Aggressiveness, patience, empathy or sympathy. I believe that everyone carries these genes to some degree or another and yes, that many of these behaviors terminate be genetically responsible. I believe that genetics such as how ones health or wellbeing such as developing breast cancer because it is a hereditary unsoundness that is in your genetic code.As far as behaviors you cannot distinguish In my opinion are you an alcoholic because one of your uncles or relatives were or was t because you like to emaciate alcohol or because you picked up a bad habit from exposure all your life. I feel that many times when dealing with behaviors of others or redden within yourself that they are related to how you were raised. Were you raised with values a nd morals? Did you live In a household where your parents expressed love, compassion, trust, and respect for others?Or were you exposed to drugs, alcohol, strong-growing behaviors, exposure to toxic environments, abuse verbal, mental, physical and or sexual? If the answer Is no that your upbringing was a loving environment then Its possible that the behaviors waist from the exposure of peers. Considering everyone Is raised differently and we all convey separate genes It Is important to separate what may be genetics from what Is learned behaviors.Both genetics and learned behaviors can affect our overall behaviors In which cannot be confirmed one way or the other and cannot be controlled unless It Is taught or learned from experience, circumstances or consequences to ones someone behaviors and how they felt about them. Either way recognizing the complexity of or-nature and pro-nurture they both are an Important role In human development. Pro-nature and pro-nurture Is what defines our personalities which create the difference within to each one and every one of us.Premature and Pro Nurture By puppeteers behaviors can be genetically responsible. I believe that genetics such as how ones disease that is in your genetic code. As far as behaviors you cannot distinguish in raised with values and morals? Did you live in a household where your parents mental, physical and or sexual? If the answer is no that your upbringing was a loving environment then its possible that the behaviors stem from the exposure of peers.Considering everyone is raised differently and we all carry separate genes it is important to separate what may be genetics from what is learned behaviors. Both genetics and learned behaviors can affect our overall behaviors in which cannot be confirmed one way or the other and cannot be controlled unless it is taught or learned from experience, circumstances or consequences to ones individual pro-nature and pro-nurture they both are an important role in human development. Pro-nature and pro-nurture is what defines our personalities which create the

Eco Tourism in India Essay

Chapter EightEco touristry in IndiaMohan Krishen KhannaIntroductionIndia, a country situated in south Asia, is of subcontinental dimension with a population of oer superstar billion people. India is primarily an agri heathen economy with a vast range of crops. The musical accompaniment of over 60% of the population continues to be based on agriculture. Of late, there has been a growing trend of urbanisation and diversification a way of life from agriculture. The industrial sector is at present playing a erectr role in the economy. After the economic liberalisation in 1991, the industrial and services components of the economy have shown a high rate of growth, and today services contribute 46% of the GDP. India is rated as the fourth largest economy in the world based on the purchasing power ships company method of calculating per capita GDP. Having said this, mention of the important socio-economic issues that face India is necessary. The primary issue is one of poorness, wit h 320 million people estimated to be living below the poverty line.thither be related problems of social and gender inequalities, illiteracy, lack of adequate health facilities, unplanned urbanisation, environment degradation, and underdevelopment of whatever aras. These argon gigantic problems which are receiving the wariness of the Indian Government and civil society, with about help from the international residential district. Since the foreign exchange crisis of 1991, a more(prenominal) liberal approach towards globalisation of the economy has been pad by the government. India is a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and is opening its economy to the international market in phases. In keeping with the commitments to the WTO, exports have been change magnitude over the courses and were reported to have grown by 30% in April, 2000. Special efforts are being do to attract foreign unionize investment by providing attr dynamical incentives to investors. 63 The Indian Tourism ProductIndia has spectacularly attractive natural and cultural touring car attractions. It has a rich, over 5000-year-old, cultural heritage and thousands of monuments and archaeological sites for tourists to visit and enjoy. The remains of one of the most ancient river v all in alley civilisations of the world (the Indus Valley civilisation) are found in India and Pakistan. The Taj Mahal and 16 opposite World Heritage Properties and several national heritage sites are in India. The country abounds in attractive and surface- preserved historical sites and ancient monuments of architectural grandeur. in that respect is a vast variety of building styles, which chronicle the cultural and historical diversity of their creators. India offers enormous diversity in topography, natural resources and climate. There are land-locked mountainous regions, lush valleys and plains, arid desert regions, white sandy beaches and islands. Central India has numerous wildlife sanctu aries with countless varieties of flora and fauna.The country has unparalled cultural diversity, a kaleidoscope of races, languages, religions, customs and traditions. Indians have embraced or so all the study(ip) religions of the world and the country has given rise to five religions Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism and Tauhid-i-illahi of Akbar. The geographical diversity of India provides opportunities for a wealth of outdoor and adventure sports activities. There is something for all tastes and interests, from the soft adventures to fast-paced thrills, and there is something for every level of experience. The prices are highly competitive. The major adventure tourism activities are trekking and skiing in the Himalayas, river running in the Ganges, water sports in Goa, trout fishing in Himachal Pradesh, heli-skiing in Himachal Pradesh, wind surfing, scuba diving and yachting in Andamans and Lakshadweep islands. India has some of the best beaches in the world, many of which a re still unexplored, as in the Andamans and Lakshadweep Islands. Hospitality to visitors is an ancient Indian tradition.The peoples lifestyles are varied. Life is full of culture, f ambiances and festivals, colour and spectacle. India is a land of folk fairs and festivals, some claim that there is a fair each day of the year. near of the important fairs and festivals are the Pushkar fair in Rajasthan, the Crafts Mela at Surajkund, Holi and Diwali in North India, Pongal in Tamilnadu, Onam in Kerala, Baisakhi in Punjab, Bihu in Assam, dance festivals at Khajuraho and Mamallapuram. Tourism in India can be a gastronomic delight. Each region hasits culinary specialty and attractively printed and expertly written cookbooks are on sale. But the best part is to sample the exotic fare in the thousands of restaurants. India has several forms of art and handcrafts. Bharatnatyam, Odissi, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Mohiniattam are some of the most popular forms of classical dances which have their origins in various parts of the country. Every dance form has a precise vocabulary of emotions (love, yearning, 64 distress etc.) and these are displayed by dance gestures that involve the luggage compartment, arms, fingers, face and eyes. India is a treasure-trove of handcrafts. The options available include the gamut of multi-storied shopping plazas, air-conditioned stores selling a hand-picked assortment of crafts from every box seat of the country, through to whole streets of shops selling specialty goods, to topical anesthetic anaesthetic fairs, where street stalls, rophy up overnight, stock a variety of exotica.Ecotourism Resources of IndiaThe geographical diversity of India makes it home to a wealth of ecosystems which are well protected and preserved. These ecosystems (see boxwood 1) have become the major resources for ecotourism. Following box seat 1, each ecosystem is discussed in some detail.Box 1 Indian Ecosystems and Resources Biosphere Reserves Mangrove s Coral Reefs Deserts Mountains and Forests Flora and Fauna Seas, Lakes and Rivers CavesBiosphere reserves are multi-purpose protected areas, for preservation of the genetic diversity and the integrity of plants, animals and micro-organism in vox ecosystems. There are seven such reserves in India at present (see Box 2).Box 2 Biosphere Reserves Nilgri Nanda Devi Nokrek Great Nicobar Gulf of Mannar Manas Sunderbans 65 Mangroves are very specialised forest ecosystems of tropical and subtropical regions, bordering sheltered sea coasts and estuaries. The major mangrove areas are listed in Box 3.Box 3 Major Mangrove Areas Northern Adaman and Nicolar islands Sunderbans (West Bengal) Bhitarkanika and Mahanadi Delta (Orissa) Coringa, Godavari Delta and Kristna Estuary (Andhra Pradesh) Pichavaram and Point Calimere (Tamil Nadu) Goa Gulf of Kutch (Gajarat) Coonapur (Karnataka) Achra/Ratnagiri (Maharashtra) Vembanand (Kerala)In order to protect and preserve these genetic resourc es, India has manufactured a number of National position and 421 Wildlife Sanctuaries in different parts of the country. Those which have already become popular with tourists are Kaziranga and Manas in Assam Jim Corbett in Uttar Pradesh Keoladeo, Ghana, Ranthambore and Sariska in Rajasthan Kanha and Bandhavgarh in Madhya Pradesh Bandipour in Karnataka and Similipal in Orissa. The Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal brace the sides of the Indian subcontinent, except for the landlocked northern boundary. The land mass of India is crossed by several rivers and dotted by lakes at many places. These water bodies provide attractive opportunities for water sports.Economic Significance of TourismIn India, tourism is emerging as a describe sector in the economy. It is presently Indias third largest foreign exchange earner after garments, and gems and jewellery. The foreign exchange earnings from tourism during 199798 has been estimated to be or so Rs.11264 crores (US $317 3 million). The rate of growth in foreign exchange earnings from tourism is exceptionally high. The most significant feature of the tourism industry is its force to generate large-scale employment opportunities, specially in unconnected and underdeveloped areas. It offers enormous potential for utilising natural resources same landscapes, mountains, beaches, rivers etc. for the economic benefit of the population. It besides adds value to a multitude of human-madeattractions such as monuments, palaces, forts and the unique rural and city environments. A special feature of the tourism industry is that it employs a large number of women and young people in hotels, airline services, travel agencies, making handcrafts, undertaking cultural activities, and different tourism-related tasks.The direct employment in the sector during 199596 was about 8.5 million persons, accounting for about 2.4% of the total labour force. Estimates of indirect employment show that in total about 22 mil lion persons come up their livelihood from tourism. Different forecasts of direct employment in the sector have been made, however, they underline the fact that tourism is growing to become an important economic activity. It is estimated that one overbold job is created in tourism every 2.4 seconds. Box 5 illustrates the comparative strength of tourism in creating jobs. A million rupee invested (198586 prices) in the hotel and restaurant industry created 89 jobs, against 44.7 jobs in agriculture or 12.6 jobs in manufacturing industries for the same investment. The average for the whole tourism sector was 47.5 jobs.Box 4 Coral Reef Ecosystems Gulf of Mannar Andaman and Nicobar Islands Kakshadweep Islands Gulf of KutchThe Great Thar Desert and the little deserts in the North Western Region of the country are distinct ecosystems which have fascinated tourists from all over the world. Ladakh is a cold desert with high, snow-clad mountains, fast rivers, and the people have a distinc tive Buddhistic culture. The great Himalayas and separate mountain ranges in the country, along with the snow-clad slopes, forests and rivers have as well as become important attractions for eco-tourists. The country has an area of about 752.3 lakh hectares designated as forest land and of this about 406.1 lakh hectares are classified as Reserve Forests and 215.1 lakh hectares as Protected Forests. India is very rich in biotic as well as abiotic resources. It has about 45 000 species of plants. The country also has a great variety of fauna, numbering a little over 65 000 known species, including 1228 bird, 428 reptile, 372 mammal, 204 amphibian and 2546 fish species. 66 67 Box 5 Comparative Job CreationSectorAgriculture Manufacturing Mining and Quarrying Railways a nonher(prenominal) Transport Hotels and Restaurants TourismLabour/Capital Ratio44.7 12.6 2.06 0.9 13.8 89.0 47.5advancement of women and different disadvantaged conferences. The Working Group constituted for the f ormulation of proposals for the Ninth Plan on Tourism considered a growth target of 8% per annum in tourist arrivals as feasible during 19972002 leading to total arrivals of about 3.12 million tourists by the year 2000 subject of course to substantial improvement in understructure and services.Major Constraints on GrowthThough India has much to offer in terms of tourist attractions, there are major constraints on the growth of tourism, particularly international tourist traffic. The greatest constraint is inadequate infrastructure. Constraints include lack of sufficient airdromes and airport facilities, international and domestic air-seat qualification, surface transport systems, basic wayside amenities, accommodation, restaurants, shopping and recreational facilities, trained labourforce resources, and support services and facilities. Both quality and quantity of infrastructure are major impediments to the growth of tourism in the country. Although there are 121 airports maintai ned by the Airport Authority of India and 139 airports maintained by state governments and other agencies, there are only 10 airports with a runway length of over 3000 m. Even these airports, including five international airports, do not have the modish Instrument Landing Systems (ILS) and other equipment to facilitate safe and secure landing of aircraft in all weather conditions. Quality of service at the airports is also not up to international standards. The Ministry of Civil Aviation is making efforts to deal with this problem.In addition to the five existinginternational airports, seven more airports are to be developed for international air services. More airports will be opened for charter traffic. Four international airports are being leased out to clubby operators. The new proposed civil aviation policy seeks to develop civil aviation by increasing the forces of competition, economic liberalisation and globalisation. The international air-seat capacity for India is presen tly about 5.3 million which is just enough to cater for the existing level of passenger traffic. A number of tourist-origin countries are not directly connected by air to India. Additional international air-seat capacity of at least 2 million would be required if 3.2 millions tourists were to come by 2000. If the target of 5 million tourists is to be achieved, the additional capacity required is estimated to be 5 million seats. Distances to India, considered a long haul destination for tourists from the USA and most of Europe, act as a deterrent to tourists from these countries. Lack of adequate air-seat capacity on international flights during the tourist term, which is from October to March, further compounds the problem, and works against increasing foreign tourists. While there is some witnesser Annual Plan, Department of Tourism, Govt. of India, 199697.Another important feature of the tourism industry, which is of particular significance to India, is its contribution to nation al integration and the social transformation of the economic lives of people. everywhere 176 million domestic tourists (see Box 6) visiting different parts of the country every year, return with a better understanding of the people living in other regions of the country and of the cultural diversity of India. Tourism also encourages preservation of monuments and heritage properties and helps the survival of art forms, crafts and culture.Box 6 Domestic Tourist Visits course of instruction1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Domestic Tourists Visits (Million)120 131 144 157 176 189 (Projected)Source Report of the Working Group on Tourism for the Ninth Five-Year Plan, 19972002, Dept. of Tourism, Govt of India, New Delhi.Tourism has become an instrument for sustainable human development through poverty alleviation, environmental regeneration, job creation, and the 68 69 talk of an open sky policy, in practice this is further to happen and foreign airlines do not have free access to India. H owever, the scenario is changing with the negotiation of bilateral agreements which will add one million new seats to international air-seat capacity. Negotiations still underway may yield more seats. Recently United Airways and Virgin Airlines have announced intentions of covering India. The total air-seat capacity available in the domestic sector today is over 17 million. In 1996, 70% of this capacity was utilised with 12 million passengers travelling in the country, 7.1 million by the state-run Indian Airlines and 4.9 million by the private airlines. It is expected that this sector will grow at about 6% per annum. A major exercise is underway to restructure Indian Airlines and add capacity in the private sector airlines, which should yield results in the years to come. Although many of these projections seem approving given the downturn in the economy in 1997 and 1998, the situation is expected to normalise soon with the upturn in the economy. There is need to address problems o f insufficient flights to major tourist destinations particularly during the tourist season, the high cost of internal air travel and inconvenient flight schedules.Efforts also need to be undertaken to improve the capability of Indian Airlines and foster growth of private airlines. An efficient and responsive domestic air transport system is an essential prerequisite for generating more tourism to India. separate important areas which require attention are airline quality and networking. There are too few flights available, particularly during the best tourist season, and the services that do exist are high priced and their schedule of arrivals/departures are inconvenient for travellers. Within the country, the services of IndianAirlines require substantial improvement, and they need to network with private airlines. A viable hubs-and-spoke operation, networking larger commercial centres with smaller tourist destinations needs to be developed to improve access to the interior of t he country. The second serious handicap to tourism in India is the scarcity and high cost of hotel accommodation. The number of approved hotel retinue available in 1997 was around 64 500, with about 36 000 under eddy. The pray by the year 2000 has been estimated at 1.25 lakhs, which means there would be a shortfall of 27 000 hotel rooms.Lack of economically priced hotel accommodation in the tourist season is being cited as one of the reasons for not choosing India as the place for a holiday. There are two approaches to this problem. One is to increase the floor-area-ratio for the hotels so that existing hotels are able to add more rooms. The other is to make more land available for hotel construction by inducing land allotting agencies to put aside more land for the hotel industry through auction, long leases and equity participation schemes. The agencies can also play a role in bringing private buyers and sellers unneurotic to enable entrepreneurs easy access to land and buildi ngs in private hands. 70 The public agencies need to liberalise the regime for granting licences and approvals so as to expedite construction of hotels. A one window (or one- stopover-shop) system could be a measure to facilitate faster approvals. Access to capital is another limiting factor. The Tourism pay Corporation Inc. (TFCI) and the other financing institutions which provide institutional mechanisms for access to capital do not have a positive approach to lending for hotels. There is need to generate more rooms through innovative measures like promoting the Paying Guest Accommodation scheme at major tourist centres. Currently, 1472 units with 5953 rooms are available in 14 states. affirm Governments need to be more proactive in promoting this scheme as it is a preferred resource to hotels for many, requiring comparatively less investment and is hence more advantageous to tourists. Another major means of creating accommodation is approval of guestho offices.Due to the comp licated procedure choose which requires guesthouses to obtain a number of clearances including those from the Police, Municipal Authorities and the Tourism Department, economically priced guesthouses havenot developed in keeping with the expectations of tourists travelling on a budget. As many of these are run without repayable approvals, they have acquired a reputation for dealing in drugs, cheating residents and other criminal activities. It would be worthy for the state governments to undertake a campaign to get these guesthouses recognised and approved and hence to generate more hotel rooms. (The Ministry of Tourism is in touch with the state governments over this issue). Another major inhibitor of the growth of tourism is the difficulty of obtaining visas for India. Visa restrictions need to be liberalised, to ensure a larger flow of tourists to the country. A number of options are available. The visa regime must be liberalised at least in respect of those countries which do not pose any policy-making or auspices problems. Visas should be issued easily on entry at the airport in respect of visitors from such countries.The principle of reciprocity in the issue of visas should not be insisted on in the case of nationals of those countries with whom India has signed bilateral tourism agreements. Special tourist visas available on arrival for up to two weeks should be made available at the airports. The procedure for the issue of visas can also be made simple and at least in the major tourist originating countries the applications for a tourist visa could be received through the internet and processed on computers. Another area that requires attention is the possibility of reducing visa charges, particularly special charges on visiting restricted areas. Increased competition from neighbouring countries and poor perception of the Indian tourism product (particularly with regard to transport infrastructure) 71 in the major tourist originating markets are the other constraints on the growth of tourism. An added prejudicial factor is the photograph of India as a country overrun by poverty, disease, touts and political instability. The promotional expenditure in the overseas markets of competitor destinations like Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia far exceeds the promotional expenditure by India. India needs to make vigorous efforts to improve its image as an attractive destination, and for this more resources are required. There are numerous other constraints in the development of tourism in India, including lack of priority in the planning of development, poor upkeep of monuments and wildlife sanctuaries, inadequate surface transportfacilities, poor quality of services etc.The Government of India has set up a group of Ministers under the Minister of Tourism to coordinate activities of various government departments and agencies. A committee under the Cabinet Secretary assists in implementation of decisions and removal of domineerin g problems. Dialogue with the state governments to liberalise and rationalise taxation and deal with other issues is an current process. Many of the activities in the tourism sector are dependent on initiatives of the state governments. Enlightened state governments like Kerala, Goa and Rajasthan have done a lot to attract more tourists by making facilities more tourist friendly.Box 7 Government Responsibilities for EcotourismRegulate structures that create visual pollution, unaesthetic views and are non-compatible architecture and encourage use of local building material and structures befitting the local environment. Exclude developments in geologically unstable zones and define development and buffer zones after proper environmental jounce assessments. Establish and enforce standards, building codes and other regulations. Specify environmental, physical and social carrying capacities to limit development. Ensure continuous monitoring of adverse effects of tourism activities an d initiate suitable corrective measures. Recognise and acquaint quality by accreditation of ecotourism operators. go forth visitor information and interpretation services covering particularly (i) what to see (ii) how to see it and (iii) how to behave. This can be by way of brochures, leaflets, specialised guides, visitor information centres and such. machinate and distribute codes of conduct to all visitors. Launch training programs on ecotourism for tourism administrators, planners, operators and the general public.Promoting Ecotourism in IndiaThe key players in the ecotourism business are governments at both levels, the local authorities, the developers and the operators, the visitors, and the local community. Each one of them has to be sensitive to the environment and local traditions and take place a set of guidelines for the successful development of ecotourism. In addition, non-governmental organisations and scientific and research institutions also have to play a key rol e in thedevelopment of ecotourism. A steering plan for each ecotourism area should be prepared by professional landscape architects and urban planners, in consultation with the local community as well as others directly concerned.Integrated planning should be adopted to revoke inter-sectoral and cross-sectoral conflict. A first step should be to prepare 20-year Master Plans for each state. The architectural program for ecotourism centres should include controlled access points, roads, self-guided character trails, transportation options, interpretation centres, signs, observation towers and adequate but unpretentious lodging and dining facilities, docks, garbage disposal facilities and other utilities as needed. If required, suitable living quarters and facilities for project personnel should be provided. Box 7 is a list of actions for the development of ecotourism, where the responsibility is with the government. The roles and responsibilities of tourism developers and operators are fundamental to the achievement of ecotourism and the long-term success of the businesses. These are listed in Box 8.Box 8 Roles and Responsibilities of Ecotourism Developers and Operators Respect and follow the planning restrictions, standards and codes provided by the government and local authorities. Implement sound environment principles through self-regulation. Undertake environmental impact assessment for all new projects and conduct regular environment audits for all ongoing activities, leading to development of environmental improvement programs. Be aware of, and sensitive to, protected or scourgeened areas, species and scenic amenity undertake landscape enhancement wherever possible. Ensure that all structures are unobtrusive and do not interfere with the natural ecosystem to the extent possible. 72 73 Recognise the optimal environmental capacity and sociological use-limits of the site in creating tourist facilities also take into account the safety and convenience of tourists. Design buildings strictly on single-valued functional andenvironmental considerations and avoid over-construction. Use local material and designs to the extent possible in construction. Employ eco-friendly physical planning, architectural design and construction of tourist facilities, for example use solar energy, capture and utilise rainwater, recycle garbage, use natural cross-ventilation instead of air conditioning, ensure a high level of self-sufficiency in food for thought through orchards, ecological farms, aquaculture and such. Employ energy and water-saving practices to the extent possible freshwater management and controlled sewage disposal should also be practised. Control air emissions, chemical substance pollutants and noise. Control and reduce environmentally unfriendly products such as asbestos, CFCs, pesticides and toxic, corrosive, infectious, explosive or flammable material.Respect and support historic or religious objects and sites. impart information and interpretive services to visitors especially on attractions and facilities, safety and gage, local customs and traditions, prohibitions and regulations and expected behaviour. Ensure adequate opportunities for visitors to commune with nature and native cultures. Provide correct information in marketing ecotourism products, as visitors who appreciate ecotourism products usually belong to environmentally-aware groups. Include training and research programs on environmental issues for company staff. Prepare tourists before their visit to minimise possible negative impacts while visiting sensitive environments and cultures. Ensure safety and security of visitors and inform them of precautions to be taken. Exercise due regard for the interest of the local population, including its history, tradition and culture and future economic development. Involve the local community to the extent possible in various activities and vocations.Box 9 The Responsibilities of EcotouristsHelp conserv e habitats of flora and fauna as well as any site, natural feature or culture, which may be bear upon by tourism. Make no open fires and discourage others from doing so. If water has to be heated with scarce firewood, use as little as possible. Where feasible, use coal oil or fuel-efficient wood stoves. Remove litter, burn or leave paper and carry back all non-degradable litter. Keep local water clean and avoid using pollutants such as detergents in streams or springs. If no toilet facilities areavailable, relieve yourself at least 30 metres away from water sources and bury or cover the waste. Leave plants to flourish in their natural environment and avoid taking away cuttings, seeds and roots. Leave campsites clean after use. Help guides and porters to follow conservation measures.Do not allow cooks/porters to throw garbage in streams or rivers. Respect the natural and cultural heritage of the area and follow local customs. Respect local etiquette and do not wear tight-fitting cl othes. Remember that kissing in public is disapproved of in India. Respect privacy of individuals and ask permission to take photographs of local inhabitants. Respect holy places do not touch or remove religious objects. Strictly follow the guidelines for personal safety and security and always take your own precautions and safety measures.If a community wants to host ecotourism, it has a central role to play. The host communitys success in bringing ecotourism to it and ensuing that the level and type of tourism is compatible with the communitys aspirations are matters the community can control. Box 10 lists the matters with which the host community must deal.Box 10 The Role and Responsibility of the Host CommunityRealise and respect the value of the environment, the flora and fauna, the monuments and your cultural heritage. Practice conservation of nature and culture as a way of life. Establish guidelines to protect valuable local resources and foster tourism management. React to the potential threat of investors who see opportunities in development but lack sensitivity to local values. Become effective nature guides and conservationists of natural areas by utilising practical and ancestral knowledge of the natural features of the area. Be friendly to the visitors and help them to practise ecotourism principles.Just as the government authorities and the tourism operators play fundamental roles in the success of ecotourism, so does the tourist. Box 9 lists the responsibilities of tourists. 74 75 Finally there is a role for others, such as scientific and research institutions and non-government organisations, in promoting ecotourism. The things they can do include (i) create awareness, among all concerned, about the importance of sound eco-practices in tourism development (ii) motivate the local community to increase their involvement in sustainable tourism activities and (iii) organise training programs to prepare the local people to take up various vocation s related to ecotourism.the Pacific Travel Association have introduced an ecotourism pledge which requires their members to adopt environment-friendly practices.ConclusionTourism has proved to be an locomotive of growth in many economies in the world. It provides for the generation of income, wealth and employment, and helps in the sustainable development of remote areas. In India, tourism provides direct employment to 9 million people and indirect employment to another 13 million persons, thus providing a livelihood to 22 million persons. It contributes an estimated 2.4% of the gross national product. Its contribution to the economies of states like Rajasthan, Goa and Kerala are significant. Although beginning to be understood for its potential to provide for development in India, tourism still remains a sector that needs serious attention. Tourism has proved to have negative impacts as well as the positive ones. It is criticised for grime indigenous culture. This takes the form of changing values, resulting in social maladies like drug addiction, child prostitution, etc. A far more widespread negative impact is caused by mass tourism in environmentally fragile areas like mountains, hills, deserts and coastal regions.Due to heavy tourist traffic in some areas, the cultural and environmental assets of the community are under threat. Although this phenomenon is not widespread in India, there is a need to take note of the possible negative influences of tourism so that judgment of convictionly preservation action can be taken and irreparable loss avoided. The movement towards ecotourism is at once a threat and an opportunity to createmore sustainable tourism by diverting tourist traffic to ensure the carrying capacity of any destination is not exceeded by planning for regeneration of natural resources and by generating awareness in the host community whereby they are prepared and forearmed to deal with the negative impact of mass tourism. As in most cases, a middle path is the most creative way to maximise the economic potential of tourism, while at the same time minimising the negative social influences and threats to the environment. Only ecotourism where the tourists, the service providers, the host community and authorities are well informed and prepared to harness tourism as an engine of growth can yield sustainable results.Motivations for Involvement in EcotourismHotel and travel companies in India function in a relatively free environment. The country is soft but surely moving towards a market economy where commercial considerations dictate motivation for the private sector to take up various activities. unrefined commercial considerations have, however, to be controlled by the government on behalf of the public. The environment has to be protected through awareness-generation, legislation, policy and administrative action. The travelling public is also becoming conscious of the need to protect the environment, to some extent at least. As a result, many enterprises in the hospitality sector have adopted environment-friendly practices like conserving energy and water and recycling unutilised hotel outputs.These can be powerful marketing tools for hotel groups. Furthermore, with the increase in cost of vital inputs like energy, water etc., companies are move to conserve limited resources by adopting practices which reduce levels of consumption. Many hotel companies advise their clients to be careful in the use of lights, water and other hotel services. Civil society has also begun to exercise control over the environment. Many non-government organisations have been generating awareness about environmentally destructive practices. Individuals have taken recourse to public interest judicial proceeding to stop environmentally destructive practices. The Indian judicial system has been very liberal in restraining environmentally hazardous activities. At times, political parties also stop environmentally harmfu l practices by agitation and raising issues in democratic forums such as state legislatures.Theprint and electronic media have been very active in India in investigating environmentally injurious activities by highlighting such issues and creating public opinion for environmentally compatible practices. The Government of India has a Ministry of environment and Forests with a mandate to oversee use of the environment in order to conserve it. The Government has also set up institutions like the Central and State Pollution Control Board to deal with the defaulters. The state governments also have Departments of Environment and Pollution Control. The Ministry of Tourism has issued ecotourism guidelines for adoption by all concerned organisations. 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Christian Rap vs Mainstream Rap Essay

I cant believe the radio is accepting some of the music they play and claim its radio friendly. Its not when all you hear is sex, killing, drugs, and so forth. Some may not like rap music, but even people who do claim that rap nowadays is not radio friendly. Christian Rap on the other hand brings forth a new and fresh telephone set to Rap music while putting Jesus in the center. Most songs encourage young people to do better and make a exchange to Life and not death. plenty think that Christian rap atomic number 18 all about spreading the word of god and to convert your to Christianity.If you the Listener real listened to the lyrics you would change your mind. Christian rap does spread the word of god but it also express how to be yourself. Most songs encourage young people to do better and make a change to their Life and others. Lyrics such as in the song Make War Tedashii raps, Im filled with the core so tell them dog this is pay back/ as you begin to copy the carbon copie s of Christ/ and conform to His written image you should be shinning a light/ if you not, why is that? He summarizes Romans 829 which delves into a Christian believer adopting all the traits of Jesus Christ.Lyrics of Christian rap songs are filled with faithful incentives and positive lyrics. In the song Jesus Musik Lecrae says everywhere I go people caught up in theyself money cars and clothes. They talk about it all the prison term and put it in they songs. They drive around and play it loud like it aint nothin wrong . And all they talk about is sinful stuff, got everybody actin sturdy thinkin that they a thug. By this he is expressing how corrupt mainstream rap is, Mainstream rap teaches their listeners how to acts and what to wear.Flame says in Joyful Noise, The light is where Im run I thought I wanted life, drunk, sexed out and blunted But all I really wanted was the One who really win itFought death, deposit it gave His life to the public. Flame used to be surrounded by mainstream wreaks but he found god and now knows who he should follow. People must overcome the iron claw that mainstream rap has on them. Lecrae lets the world know in his song Souled out. He says we must not be ashamed of ourselves and to be yourself. Man I consider my life nuthin. if I could just finish the race. and complete the job the. lord jesus gave me.I bear to tell the world his message. Romans 116 Im not Ashamed. I Aint Ashamed. . Sometimes faith may be evident in differentiate of a song or other times an entire song or album may focus on Christian beliefs. Mainstream Raps lyrics are much different then Christian Rap. While Christian Rap talks about god and creation yourself, Mainstream Rap express their music trough talking about drugs, sex, and violence. These lyrics are broadcasted all over the world showing their listeners that doing those bad liaisons are the right thing to do. Most listeners to mainstream usualy dont take the time to understand what they are l istening to.They block out all he profanity and enjoy the beat of the music. When you take the time to understand what the songs actually mean you may be discouraged to listen to the song again. Lyrics from Lil Wayne in the song lollypop She say he so sweet make her wanna lick the rapper So i letta lick the rapperSh-sh-sh-she licked me like a lollypop. When we look at specific words such as licked and lollypop it suddenly pops out what they are trying to raise up across. This is not alright for the radio but it sounds good so it ends up acquire played.When he says Shawty wanna thug. ottles in the club. shawty wanna hump and ooo i like to touch ya lovely lady lumps. there are so m both ad messages getting engraft in your head. Mainstream is filled with explicit language and images. The song Shots by LMFAO encourages drink If you not drunk ladies and gentlemen Get ready to get **** up Lets do it ha, ha and If you aint getting drunk get the **** out the club. If you aint taking sho ts get the **** out the club. If you aint come to company get the **** out the club. Now where my alcoholics let me see yo hands up. Most listeners are in the age of 13 to 24.This is telling children that it is okay to drink. chthonian age drinking is extremely dangerous . A widespread theme throughout most mainstream rap is a desire for wealth this wish is part of the American dream, and thus reflects the desires of popular American culture. The constant bombardment of American younkers with stereotypes has likely had a negative effect on them. It is common among youths to try and parallel the messages seen in rap videos this is not surprising. Where we shop and eat even the types of homes we buy are dictated by what we hear the celebrities are doing.That is a powerful influence over an individual. Due to the fact that mainstream rap appeals to the thirteen to eighteen year old audiences and the artists performing come from very similar backgrounds of the listeners, rap music is commensurate to control the way that youth think. The new generation of rappers is taking the lyrics of rap music more literally. Without the youth cosmos able to distinguish fantasy from frankness rap music has turned the youth more violent, disrespectful and it is teaching them to stand on the block and hustle or even kill mortal over a minor disagreement.Rap music has control of the 12-19 year old crowd more than the parents in the household. It is popular because it speaks to a generation that can/wants to identify with what the artist is saying. The youth are taking someone elses experiences and making it their own just for the sake of creation cool or being accepted by others. Some people say the Christian rap industry is a business. These people sell records to save souls. So if we look at, it would front as if Christian rappers are getting commission for every soul saved.Most Christian rappers arent in this business for the money they just get paid for what they do j ust like any other job. A pastor gets paid to preach every Sunday why would it be any different for a Christian rapper selling CDs. Christian rappers have a positive effect on their listeners. The lyrics promote well being and the word of god. Youth that listen to Christian rap are better off then ones that listen to mainstream rap. Instead of being bombarded by bad incentives they are taught how to be a true follower of Christ and no fall to a lower level.These two styles of rap are similar but opposites at the same time. They tempo and beats of the songs are very similar. They have the same basis of how they sound, the thing that makes these to styles different is the lyrics they use in their songs. Mainstream uses profanity while Christian rap uses the words of god. Even though mainstream is more popular, but this is because theirs songs are heavily over played on the radio embedding everything they say into the youths heads and morals. Mainstream should be endorsing lyrics that makes the youth of our nation more well off then filling them with bad images and words.

Hydrolic Fracking Research Paper Essay

Hydraulic fracturing is a process used in baseball club out of 10 essential gas swell in the United States, where millions of gallons of piss, sand and chemicals ar handle underground to break apart the rock and release the gas. Scientists are worried that the chemicals used in fracturing may pose a threat either underground or when waste fluids are handled and sometimes spilled on the surface. The raw(a) gas industry defends hydraulic fracturing, better known as fracking, as safe and efficient. doubting Thomas J. Pyle, president of the Institute for Energy Research, a pro-industry non-profit organization, claims fracking has been a widely deployed as safe extraction technique, date back to 1949. What he doesnt say is that until recently energy companies had used low-pressure methods to extract natural gas from fields closer to the surface than the current high-pressure technology that extracts more gas, save uses significantly more piddle, chemicals, and elements.The ind ustry claims well applicationing in the Marcellus Shale will bring several hundred molarity jobs, and has minimal wellness and environmental risk. President Barack Obama in his January 2012 State of the Union, said he believes the development of natural gas as an energy source to replace fossil fuels could generate 600,000 jobs. However, research studies by many an(prenominal) an opposite(prenominal) economists and others debunk the idea of significant job creation. Barry Russell, president of the Independent Petroleum Association of America, says no curtilage directly connects injection of fracking fluid into shale with aquifer contamination. Fracking has never been found to contaminate a irrigate well, says Christine Cronkright, communications coach for the pascal Department of Health. Research studies and numerous incidents of water contamination prove otherwise. In late 2010, equipment to a fault-ran may apply led to toxic levels of chemicals in the well water of at le ast a dozen families in Conoquenessing Township in Bradford County.Township officials and Rex Energy, although acknowledging that two of the boring wells had problems with the casings, claimed there were pollutants in the alcoholism water before Rex moved into the area. John Fmelodic phrase disagrees. Everybody had good water a twelvemonth ago, Fair told environmental writer and activist Iris Marie Bloom in February 2012. Bloom says residents told her the color of water changed to red, orange, and gray after Rex began drilling. Among the chemicals detected in the well water, in addition to methane gas, were ammonia, arsenic, chloromethane, iron, manganese, t-butyl alcohol, and toluene. While non acknowledging that its actions could have caused the pollution, Rex did provide fresh water to the residents, but then stopped doing so on Feb. 29, 2012, after the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) said the well water was safe. The residents absolutely disagreed an d staged protests against Rex environmental activists and other residents trucked in portable water jugs to help the affected families.The Marcellus Outreach Butler blog (MOB) declared that residents lives have been disadvantageously disrupted and their health has been severely impacted. To just close the book on investigations into their troubles when so many indicators head word to the accountability of the gas industry for the waver of their lives is unbelievable . In April 2011, near Towanda, Pa., seven families were evacuated after closely 10,000 gallons of wastewater contaminated an agricultural field and a stream that flows into the Susquehanna River, the result of an equipment failure, according to the Bradford County Emergency prudence Agency.The following month, DEP fined Chesapeake Energy $900,000, the largest amount in the states history, for allowing methane gas to pollute the drinking water of 16 families in Bradford County during the previous year.The DEP noted t here may have been toxic methane emissions from as many as six wells in five towns. The DEP also fined Chesapeake $188,000 for a fire at a well in Washington County that injured three workers. In January 2012, an equipment failure at a drill site in Susquehanna County led to a spill of several thousand gallons of fluid for almost a half-hour, causing potential pollution, according to the DEP. In its citation to Carizzo Oil and Gas, the DEP strongly recommended that the company cease drilling at all 67 wells until the cause of this problem and a solution are identified. In December 2011, the federal Environmental Protection Agency concluded that fracking trading operations could be responsible for groundwater pollution. right aways methods make gas drilling a filthy business. You know its bad when close residents can light the water coming out of their tap on fire, says Larry Schweiger, president of the National Wildlife Federation. Whats causing the fire is the methane from the d rilling operations.A ProPublica investigation in two hundred9 revealed methane contamination was widespread in drinking water in areas around fracking operations in Colorado, Texas, Wyoming, and Pennsylvania. The presence of methane in drinking water in Dimock, Pa., had become the focal point for Josh Foxs investigative documentary, Gasland, which received an Academy submit nomination in 2011 for Outstanding Documentary Fox also received an Emmy for non-fiction directing. Foxs cheer in fracking intensified when a natural gas company offered $100,000 for mineral rights on property his family possess in Milanville, in the extreme northeast part of Pennsylvania, about 60 miles east of Dimock. Research by a team of scientists from Duke University revealed methane contamination of shallow drinking water systems that is associated with shale-gas extraction. The data and conclusions, published in the whitethorn 2011 issue of the prestigious Proceedings of the National Academy of Scienc es, noted that not only did most drinking wells near drilling sites have methane, but those closest to the drilling wells, about a half-mile, had an bonnie of 17 times the methane of those of other wells.Some of the chemicals used in hydraulic fracturingor liberated by itare carcinogens, Dr. Sandra Steingraber told members of the Environmental Conservation and Health committee of the fresh York State Assembly. Dr. Steingraber, a biologist and howling(a) scholar in residence at Ithaca College, pointed out that some of the chemicals are neurological poisons with suspected associate to learning deficits in children, while others are asthma triggers. Some, especially the radioactive ones, are known to bioaccumulate in milk. Others are reproductive toxicants that can contribute to pregnancy going away. An investigation by New York Times reporter Ian Urbina, based upon thousands of unreported EPA documents and a confidential study by the natural gas industry, concluded, Radioactivity in drilling waste cannot be fully diluted in rivers and other waterways. Urbina learned that wastewater from fracking operations was about 100 times more toxic than federal drinking water standards 15 wells had readings about 1,000 times higher than standards.Research by Dr. Ronald Bishop, a biochemist at SUNY/Oneonta, suggests that fracking to extract methane gas is super likely to degrade air, surface water and ground-water quality, to harm humans, and to negatively impact aquatic and forest ecosystems. He notes that potential exposure effects for humans will include poisoning of susceptible tissues, endocrine disruption syndromes, and elevated risk for certain cancers. Every well, says Dr. Bishop, will generate a sediment discharge of some eight tons per year into local waterways, further threatening federally endangered mollusks and other aquatic organisms. In addition to the environmental pollution by the fracking process, Dr. Bishop believes intensive use of diesel-fuel equi pment will degrade air quality that could affect humans, livestock, and crops. Equally important are questions about the impact of as many as 200 diesel-fueled trucks each day bringing water to the site and then removing the waste water. In addition to the regulation diesel emissions of trucks, there are also problems of leaks of the contaminated water.We need to know how diesel fuel got into our water supply, says Diane Siegmund, a clinical psychologist from Towanda, Pa. It wasnt there before the companies drilled wells its here now, she says. Siegmund is also concerned about contaminated dust and mud. There is no oversight on these, she says, but those trucks are muddy when they leave the well sites, and dust may have impact miles from the well sites. Research strongly implicates exposure to gas drilling operations in serious health effects on humans, abetter _or_ abettor animals, livestock, horses, and wildlife, according to Dr. Michelle Bamberger, a veterinarian, and Dr. Rober t E. Oswald, a biochemist and professor of molecular medicine at Cornell University. Their study, published in New Solutions, an academic journal in environmental health, documents evidence of milk contamination, breeding problems, and cow mortality in areas near fracking operations as higher than in areas where no fracking occurred.Drs. Bamberger and Oswald noted that some of the symptoms present in humans from what may be polluted water from fracking operations include rashes, headaches, dizziness, vomiting, and severe irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. For animals, the symptoms very much led to reproductive problems and death. Significant impact upon wildlife is also noted in a 900-page Environmental carry on Statement (EIS) conducted by New Yorks Department of Environmental Conservation. According to the EIS, In addition to loss of habitat, other potential direct impacts on wildlife from drilling in the Marcellus Shale include increase mortality . . . modify microclima tes, and increased traffic, noise, lighting, and well flares. The impact, according to the report, may include a loss of genetic diversity, species isolation, population declines . . . increased predation, and an increase of invasive species.The report concludes that because of fracking, there is little to no place in the study areas where wildlife would not be impacted, leading to serious cascading ecological consequences. The impact of course affects the quality of milk and meat production as animals drink and graze near areas that have been taken over by the natural gas industry. The resolution by the industry and its political allies to the scientific studies of the health and environmental effects of fracking has approached the issue in a manner similar to the tobacco industry that for many years rejected the link among smoking and cancer, say Drs. Bamberger and Oswald. Not only do they call for full disclosure and testing of air, water, soil, animals, and humans, but point o ut that with lax oversight, the gas drilling boom . . . will remain an uncontrolled health experiment on an enormous scale.Bibliography of Works Citedhttp//www.marcellusoutreachbutler.org/http//www.counterpunch.org/2012/03/19/the-perils-of-fracking/ www.coalitiontoprotectnewyork.orghttp//psehealthyenergy.net/data/Bamberger_Oswald_NS22_in_press.pdf http//www.scribd.com/doc/97449702/100-Fracking-Victimshttp//www.nytimes.com/2011/08/04/us/04natgas.html?pagewanted=all http//steingraber.com/http//frack.mixplex.com/ circumscribe/scientific-study-links-flammable-drinking-water-fracking http//www.hydraulicfracturing.com/Pages/information.aspxhttp//www.epa.gov/hydraulicfracture/http//geology.com/articles/hydraulic-fracturing/